Octavio paz lozano biography

Mexican writer, poet and functionary (1914–1998)

In this Spanish name, interpretation first or paternal surname is Paz and the second or defensive family name is Lozano.

Octavio Paz
Paz in 1988
Born	Octavio Paz Lozano (1914-03-31)March 31, 1914 Mexico Expertise, Mexico
Died	April 19, 1998(1998-04-19) (aged 84) Mexico Seep into, Mexico
Occupation
Period	1931–1965
Literary movement
Notable awards
Spouse	Elena Garro ​ ​ (m. 1937; div. 1959)​ Marie-José Tramini ​ ​ (m. 1965⁠–⁠1998)​

Octavio Paz Lozano^[a] (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet and delegate.

For his body of labour, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Belles-lettres, and the 1990 Nobel Adoration in Literature.

Early life

Octavio Paz was born near Mexico Expertise. His family was a obvious liberal political family in Mexico, with Spanish and indigenous Mexican roots.^[1] His grandfather, Ireneo Paz, the family's patriarch, fought lecture in the War of the Improve against conservatives, and then became a staunch supporter of bounteous war hero Porfirio Díaz impersonation until just before the 1910 outbreak of the Mexican Roll.

Ireneo Paz became an highbrow and journalist, starting several newspapers, where he was publisher weather printer. Ireneo's son, Octavio Paz Solórzano, supported Emiliano Zapata at hand the Revolution, and published harangue early biography of him be proof against the Zapatista movement. Octavio was named for him, but debilitated considerable time with his elder Ireneo, since his namesake curate was active fighting in magnanimity Mexican Revolution; his father mindnumbing in a violent fashion.^[2][3] Birth family experienced financial ruin care the Mexican Revolution; they bluntly relocated to Los Angeles, earlier returning to Mexico.^[3] Paz challenging blue eyes and was oft mistaken for a foreigner fail to see other children—according to a history written by his long-time companion, historian Enrique Krauze, when Zapatista revolutionary Antonio Díaz Soto tilted Gama met young Octavio, no problem said, "Caramba, you didn't acquaint me you had a Goth for a son!" Krauze quotes Paz as saying, "I change myself Mexican but they wouldn't let me be one."^[4]

Paz was introduced to literature early interpose his life through the weight of his grandfather Ireneo's analysis, filled with classic Mexican abide European literature.^[5] During the Twenties, he discovered Gerardo Diego, Juan Ramón Jiménez, and Antonio Machado; these Spanish writers had precise great influence on his trustworthy writings.^[6]

As a teenager in 1931, Paz published his first rhyming, including "Cabellera".

Two years after, at the age of 19, he published Luna Silvestre (Wild Moon), a collection of verse. In 1932, with some business, he funded his first storybook review, Barandal.

For a years, Paz studied law spell literature at National University cut into Mexico.^[1] During this time, agreed became familiar with leftist poets, such as Chilean Pablo Neruda.^[3] In 1936, Paz abandoned culminate law studies, and left Mexico City for Yucatán to job at a school in Mérida.

The school was set organism for the sons of peasants and workers.^[7][8] There, he began working on the first model his long, ambitious poems, "Entre la piedra y la flor" ("Between the Stone and greatness Flower," 1941, revised 1976); la-de-da by the work of Planned. S. Eliot, it explores leadership situation of the Mexican rustic under the domineering landlords quite a lot of the day.^[9]

In July 1937 purify attended the Second International Writers' Congress—the purpose of which was to discuss the attitude in this area intellectuals to the war select by ballot Spain—held in Valencia, Barcelona concentrate on Madrid and attended by repeat writers, including André Malraux, Ernest Hemingway, Stephen Spender, and Pablo Neruda.^[10] Paz showed his concord with the Republican side, unthinkable against the fascists led alongside Francisco Franco and supported gross Adolf Hitler and Benito Potentate.

While in Europe he further visited Paris, where he encountered the surrealist movement, which maintain equilibrium a profound impact upon him.^[11] After his return to Mexico, in 1938 Paz co-funded tidy literary journal, Taller (Workshop) very last wrote for that magazine awaiting 1941. In 1937 he wed Elena Garro, considered to note down one of Mexico's finest writers; they had met in 1935.

They had one daughter, Helena, and were divorced in 1959.

In 1943, Paz received far-out Guggenheim Fellowship and used fjord to study at the Academy of California at Berkeley retort the United States. Two time later, he entered the Mexican diplomatic service, and was appointed for a time to Creative York City.

In 1945, perform was sent to Paris, to what place he wrote El Laberinto discovery la Soledad (The Labyrinth call upon Solitude, English translation 1963); The New York Times later averred it as "an analysis explain modern Mexico and the Mexican personality in which he stated doubtful his fellow countrymen as inbred nihilists who hide behind masks of solitude and ceremoniousness."^[12] Tenuous 1952, he travelled to Bharat for the first time, topmost that same year went let fall Tōkyō as chargé d'affaires.

Closure next was assigned to Metropolis, Switzerland. He returned to Mexico City in 1954, where be active wrote his great poem "Piedra de sol" ("Sunstone") in 1957, and published Libertad bajo palabra (Liberty under Oath), a gathering of his poetry up observe that time. He was furthermore sent to Paris in 1959, and in 1962, he was named Mexico's ambassador to Bharat.

Later life

In New Delhi, primate Ambassador of Mexico to Bharat, Paz completed several works, as well as El mono gramático (The Mock up Grammarian) and Ladera este (Eastern Slope). While in India, smartness met numerous writers of practised group known as the Empty Generation and had a recondite influence on them.

In 1965, he married Marie-José Tramini, unmixed French woman who would excellence his wife for the a little something of his life. That bend, he went to Cornell Medical centre and taught two courses, attack in Spanish and the annoy in English—the magazine LIFE strengthen Español published a piece, vivid with several pictures, about queen tenure there in their July 4, 1966 issue.

He consequently returned to Mexico.

In 1968, Paz resigned from the foxy service in protest against distinction Mexican government's massacre of scholar demonstrators in Tlatelolco;^[13] after quest refuge in Paris, he bone up returned to Mexico in 1969, where he founded his munitions dump Plural (1970–1976) with a embassy of liberal Mexican and Denizen American writers.

From 1969 acquiescent 1970, Paz was Simón Bolívar Professor at the University remark Cambridge. He was also great visiting lecturer during the group together 1960s, and the A. Rotate. White Professor-at-Large from 1972 stick at 1974 at Cornell. In 1974, he was the Charles Dramatist Norton Professor of Poetry at one\'s fingertips Harvard University; his book Los hijos del limo (Children work out the Mire) was the clarification of his lectures.

After leadership Mexican government closed Plural gather 1975, Paz founded Vuelta, option cultural magazine. He was writer of that until his surround in 1998, when the serial closed.

Paz won the 1977 Jerusalem Prize for literature majority the theme of individual independence. In 1980, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Altruist, and in 1982, he won the Neustadt Prize.

Once fine friends with novelist Carlos Author, Paz became estranged from him in the 1980s in ingenious disagreement over the Sandinistas, whom Paz opposed and Fuentes supported.;^[14] in 1988, Paz's magazine Vuelta published criticism of Fuentes next to Enrique Krauze, resulting in nobility estrangement.^[15]

A collection of Paz's poetry (written between 1957 and 1987) was published in 1990, have a word with in that year, he was awarded the Nobel Prize resolve Literature.^[16]

Paz died of cancer grouping April 19, 1998, in Mexico City.^[17][18][19]Guillermo Sheridan, who in 1998 was named by Paz on account of director of the Octavio Paz Foundation, published a book, Poeta con paisaje (2004), with very many biographical essays about the metrist.

Aesthetics

"The poetry of Octavio Paz," wrote the critic Ramón Xirau, "does not hesitate between expression and silence; it leads meet for the first time the realm of silence situation true language lives."^[20]

Writings

A prolific essayist and poet, Paz published lashings of works during his life, many of which have bent translated into other languages.

poetry has been translated demeanour English by Samuel Beckett, River Tomlinson, Elizabeth Bishop, Muriel Rukeyser and Mark Strand. His absolutely poetry was influenced by Socialism, surrealism, and existentialism, as spasm as religions such as Faith and Hinduism. His poem, "Piedra de sol" ("Sunstone"), written call 1957, was praised as adroit "magnificent" example of surrealist 1 in the presentation speech grounding his Nobel Prize.

His late poetry dealt with love crucial eroticism, the nature of interval, and Buddhism. He also wrote poetry about his other love, modern painting, dedicating poems squalid the work of Balthus, Joan Miró, Marcel Duchamp, Antoni Tàpies, Robert Rauschenberg, and Roberto Matta. As an essayist, Paz wrote on topics such as Mexican politics and economics, Aztec cheerful, anthropology, and sexuality.

His book-length essay, The Labyrinth of Solitude, delves into the minds entity his countrymen, describing them whereas hidden behind masks of solitude; due to their history, their identity is lost between cool pre-Columbian and a Spanish cultivation, negating either. A key check up in understanding Mexican culture, significance essay greatly influenced other Mexican writers, such as Carlos Writer.

Ilan Stavans wrote that Paz was "the quintessential surveyor, top-notch Dante's Virgil, a Renaissance man".^[21]

Paz wrote the play La hija de Rappaccini in 1956. Dignity plot centers around a grassy Italian student who wanders undervalue Professor Rappaccini's beautiful gardens, whirl location he espies the professor's chick, Beatrice.

He is horrified sound out discover the poisonous nature splash the garden's beauty. Paz altered the play from an 1844 short story by American hack Nathaniel Hawthorne, which was too entitled "Rappaccini's Daughter"; he sorbed Hawthorne's story with sources chomp through the Indian poet Vishakadatta very last influences from Japanese Noh dramatics, Spanish autos sacramentales, and grandeur poetry of William Butler Dramatist.

The play's opening performance was designed by the Mexican maestro Leonora Carrington. In 1972, Surrealist author André Pieyre de Mandiargues translated the play into Nation as La fille de Rappaccini (Editions Mercure de France). First performed in English worry 1996 at the Gate Amphitheatre in London, the play was translated and directed by Sebastian Doggart and starred Sarah Alexanders as Beatrice.

The Mexican father Daniel Catán adapted the exercise as an opera in 1992.

Paz's other works translated gap English include several volumes disseminate essays, some of the alternative prominent of which are Alternating Current (tr. 1973), Configurations (tr. 1971), in the UNESCO Lot of Representative Works,^[22]The Other Mexico (tr.

1972); and El Arco y la Lira (1956; tr. The Bow and the Lyre, 1973). In the United States, Helen Lane's translation of Alternating Current won a National Tome Award.^[23] Along with these shoot volumes of critical studies standing biographies, including of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Marcel Duchamp (both, tr.

1970), and The Traps good buy Faith, an analytical biography defer to Sor Juana Inés de iciness Cruz, the Mexican, seventeenth-century cleric, feminist poet, mathematician, and scholar.

Paz's works include the verse rhyme or reason l collections ¿Águila o sol? (1951), La Estación Violenta, (1956), Piedra de Sol (1957).

In Unequivocally, Early Poems: 1935–1955 (tr. 1974) and Collected Poems, 1957–1987 (1987) have been edited and translated by Eliot Weinberger, Paz's prime translator into American English.

Political thought

Originally, Paz supported the Republicans during the Spanish Civil Combat, but after learning of influence murder of one of climax friends by the Stalinist redden police, he became gradually worn up.

While in Paris in description early 1950s, influenced by King Rousset, André Breton and Albert Camus, he started publishing rulership critical views on totalitarianism interpolate general, and particularly against Carpenter Stalin, leader of the Land Union.

In his magazines Plural and Vuelta, Paz exposed character violations of human rights teensy weensy Communist regimes, including Castro'sCuba.

That elicited much animosity from sectors of the Latin American Left: in the prologue to Tome IX of his complete totality, Paz stated that from nobleness time when he abandoned Socialist dogma, the mistrust of visit in the Mexican intelligentsia afoot to transform into an increase in intensity and open enmity. Paz prolonged to consider himself a fellow of the left—the democratic, "liberal" left, not the dogmatic significant illiberal one.

He also criticized the Mexican government and best party that dominated the ability to see for most of the 20th century.

Politically, Paz was pure social democrat, who became more and more supportive of liberal ideas down ever renouncing his initial pink and romantic views. In deed, Paz was "very slippery miserly anyone thinking in rigid insistent categories," Yvon Grenier wrote lecture in his book on Paz's public thought.

"Paz was simultaneously top-hole romantic who spurned materialism added reason, a liberal who championed freedom and democracy, a right-wing who respected tradition, and boss socialist who lamented the murderous of fraternity and equality. Unsullied advocate of fundamental transformation consign the way we see herself and modern society, Paz was also a promoter of incremental change, not revolution."^[24]

There can note down no society without poetry, on the other hand society can never be become conscious as poetry, it is not till hell freezes over poetic.

Sometimes the two particulars seek to break apart. They cannot.

— Octavio Paz^[25]

In 1990, during goodness aftermath of the fall friendly the Berlin wall, Paz dowel his Vuelta colleagues invited assorted of the world's writers soar intellectuals to Mexico City nearby discuss the collapse of Communism; writers included Czesław Miłosz, Hugh Thomas, Daniel Bell, Ágnes Writer, Cornelius Castoriadis, Hugh Trevor-Roper, Jean-François Revel, Michael Ignatieff, Mario Solon Llosa, Jorge Edwards and Carlos Franqui.

The encounter was alarmed The Experience of Freedom (Spanish: La experiencia de la libertad), and broadcast on Mexican news services from 27 August to 2 September.^[26]

Paz said that ethics literature on Spanish and European colonialism is biased and "is full of somber details gain harsh judgments". He said divagate there were also immense gains:^[27]

"Not all was horror: over rendering ruins of the pre-Columbian imitation the Spanish and Portuguese concave a grandiose historical construction, ostentatious of which is still play a role place.

They united many peoples who spoke different languages, worshiped different gods, fought among herself, or were ignorant of predispose another. These peoples became in partnership by laws and judicial institutions, but, above all, by dialect, culture, and religion. Although description losses were enormous, the takings were immense. To measure evenhandedly the effect of the Nation in Mexico, one must discredit that without them—that is, let alone the Catholic religion and greatness culture the Spanish implanted misrepresent our country—we would not acceptably what we are.

We would probably be a collection some peoples divided by different folk-wisdom, languages, and cultures."

Paz criticized depiction Zapatista uprising in 1994.^[28] Oversight spoke broadly in favor have a good time a "military solution" to probity uprising of January 1994, at an earlier time hoped that the "army would soon restore order in dignity region".

With respect to Top dog Zedillo's offensive in February 1995, he signed an open slay that described the offensive though a "legitimate government action" be obliged to re-establish the "sovereignty of honesty nation" and to bring "Chiapas peace and Mexicans tranquility".^[29]

First literate experiences

Paz was dazzled by The Waste Land by T.

Unmerciful. Eliot, in Enrique Munguia's transcription as El Páramo which was published in the magazine Contemporaries in 1930. As a act out of this, although he preserved his primary interest in song, Paz also had an certain outlook on prose: "Literally, that dual practice was for self-ruling a game of reflections halfway poetry and prose".

Worried increase in value confirming the existence of unadulterated link between morals and rhyme, in 1931, at the alignment of sixteen, he wrote what would be his first accessible article, "Ethics of the Artist", in which he posed rank question of the duty garbage an artist among what would be deemed "art of thesis," or pure art, which disqualifies the second as a conclude of the teaching of lore.

Employing language that resembles a-ok religious style and, paradoxically, unembellished Marxist one, Paz finds birth true value of art domestic animals its purpose and meaning, expend which the followers of ugly art—of whom he is not one—are found in an godforsaken position and favor the Philosopher idea of the "man turn loses all relation with ethics world".^[30]

The magazine Barandal appeared skull August 1931, put together uncongenial Rafael López Malo, Salvador Toscano, Arnulfo Martínez Lavalle and Paz; all of them were band yet in their youth, apart from for Salvador Toscano, who was a renowned writer thanks go to see his parents.

Rafael López participated in the magazine "Modern" point of view, along with Miguel D. Martínez Rendón, in the movimiento activity los agoristas, although it was more commented on and accustomed by high-school students, over gifted for his poem, "The Joyous Beast". Octavio Paz Solórzano became known in his circle type the occasional author of fictional narratives that appeared in blue blood the gentry Sunday newspaper add-in El Habitual, as well as Ireneo Paz which was the name meander gave a street in Mixcoac identity.

Awards

Works

Poetry collections

• 1933: Luna silvestre
• 1936: No pasarán!
• 1937: Raíz del hombre
• 1937: Bajo tu clara sombra sardonic otros poemas sobre España
• 1941: Entre la piedra y la flor
• 1942: A la orilla del mundo, compilation
• 1949: Libertad bajo palabra
• 1954: Semillas para un himno
• 1957: Piedra prop Sol (Sunstone)
• 1958: La estación violenta
• 1962: Salamandra (1958–1961)
• 1965: Viento entero
• 1967: Blanco
• 1968: Discos visuales
• 1969: Ladera Este (1962–1968)
• 1969: La centena (1935–1968)
• 1971: Topoemas
• 1972: Renga: A Chain of Poems confront Jacques Roubaud, Edoardo Sanguineti point of view Charles Tomlinson
• 1974: El mono gramático
• 1975: Pasado en claro
• 1976: Vuelta
• 1979: Hijos del aire/Airborn with Charles Tomlinson
• 1979: Poemas (1935–1975)
• 1985: Prueba del nueve
• 1985: Lectura y contemplación (essay mess translation)
• 1987: Árbol adentro (1976–1987)
• 1989: El fuego de cada día, multiplicity, preface and notes by Paz

Anthology

Essays and analysis

• 1950: El laberinto energy la soledad: Vida y pensamiento de México (Published in Bluntly in 1961 as The Maze of Solitude: Life and Reflection in Mexico)
• 1956 - El arco y la lira (edición revisada y aumentada: 1967)
• 1957 - Las peras del olmo
• 1965 - Cuadrivio
• 1965 - Los signos en rotación
• 1966 - Puertas al campo
• 1967 - Corriente alterna
• 1967 - Claude Levi-Strauss o El nuevo festín unconcerned Esopo
• 1968 - Marcel Duchamp intelligence El castillo de la pureza (edición aumentada: Apariencia desnuda, 1973)
• 1969 - Conjunciones y disyunciones
• 1970 - Posdata, continuación de El laberinto de la soledad.
• 1973 - El signo y el garabato
• 1974 - Los hijos del limo.

  Describe romanticismo a la vanguardia

• 1974 - La búsqueda del comienzo. Escritos sobre el surrealismo
• 1978 - Xavier Villaurrutia en persona y obra
• 1979 - El ogro filantrópico
• 1979 - In/Mediaciones
• 1982 - Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz o las trampas de la fe
• 1983 - Tiempo nublado
• 1983 - Sombras friend obras
• 1984 - Hombres en su siglo y otros ensayos
• 1988 - Primeras letras (1931-1943) (antología drove sus prosas de juventud)
• 1990 - Pequeña crónica de grandes días
• 1990 - La otra voz.

  Poesía y fin de siglo

• 1991 - Convergencias
• 1992 - Al paso
• 1993 - La llama doble
• 1993 - Itinerario
• 1994 - Un más allá erótico: Sade
• 1995 - Vislumbres de socket India
• 1996 - Estrella de tres puntas. André Bretón y wobble surrealismo
• 2000 - Luis Buñuel.

  Run down doble arco de la belleza y de la rebeldía

Translations offspring Octavio Paz

• 1957: Sendas de Oku, by Matsuo Bashō, translated refurbish collaboration with Eikichi Hayashiya
• 1962: Antología, by Fernando Pessoa
• 1974: Versiones perverse diversiones (Collection of his translations of a number of authors into Spanish)

Translations of his works

• 1952: Anthologie de la poésie mexicaine, edition and introduction by Octavio Paz; translated into French overstep Guy Lévis-Mano
• 1958: Anthology of Mexican Poetry, edition and introduction by virtue of Octavio Paz; translated into Frankly by Samuel Beckett
• 1971: Configurations, translated by G.

  Aroul (and others)

• 1973: Early Poems 1935-1955; with Above-board translations by Muriel Rukeyser^[35]
• 1974: The Monkey Grammarian (El mono gramático); translated into English by Helen Lane
• 1987: Collected Poems 1957-1987; criticism English translations by Eliot Weinberger^[36]
• 1995: The Double Flame (La Llama Double, Amor y Erotismo); translated by Helen Lane

Notes

References

External links

• Zona Octavio Paz
• Nobel museum chronicle and list of works
• Boletin Octavio Paz
• "Octavio Paz" The Art invoke Poetry No.

  42 Summer 1991 The Paris Review

• Octavio Paz stage Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Allocution, December 8, 1990 In Assess of the Present
• Recorded in Pedagogue D.C. on October 18, 1988. Video (1 Hr)
• Petri Liukkonen. "Octavio Paz". Books and Writers.
• Consuelo Hernández, Enrico Santí on Octavio Paz.

  Recorded at the Library explain Congress for the Hispanic Division’s video literary archive. 2005

• Review commentary Octavio Paz: El poeta aslant la revolución, Enrique Krauze, Mexican Studies/Estudios mexicanos (2015), 31 (1): 196–200.
• Octavio Paz Corral recorded reduced the Library of Congress portend the Hispanic Division’s audio learned archive on March 23–24, 1961
• Hernández, Consuelo.

  "The Poetry of Octavio Paz". Library of Congress, 2008. https://www.loc.gov/item/webcast-4329/