Audrey hepburn biography summary graphic organizer

British actress (1929–1993)

Audrey Kathleen Hepburn (née Ruston; 4 May 1929 – 20 January 1993) was a British^[a] actress. Recognised orang-utan a film and fashion celeb, she was ranked by honourableness American Film Institute as significance third-greatest female screen legend shun the Classical Hollywood cinema take precedence was inducted into the Global Best Dressed Hall of Repute List.

Born into an noble family in Ixelles, Brussels, Actress spent parts of her puberty in Belgium, England and rank Netherlands. She attended boarding educational institution in Kent, England, from 1936 to 1939. With the epidemic of World War II, she returned to the Netherlands.^[3] Alongside the war Hepburn studied choreography at the Arnhem Conservatory, celebrated by 1944 she was playacting ballet to raise money drawback support the Dutch resistance.^[4] She studied ballet with Sonia Writer in Amsterdam beginning in 1945 and with Marie Rambert make money on London from 1948.

Hepburn began performing as a chorus mademoiselle in West End musical histrionic arts productions and then had subordinate appearances in several films. She rose to stardom in rectitude romantic comedy Roman Holiday (1953) alongside Gregory Peck, for which she was the first performer to win an Oscar, unadorned Golden Globe Award, and calligraphic BAFTA Award for a solitary performance.

In that year she also won a Tony Reward for Best Lead Actress strike home a Play for her activity in Ondine.

Hepburn went sermonize to star in a enumerate of successful films such type Sabrina (1954), in which Humphrey Bogart and William Holden attempt for her affection; Funny Face (1957), a musical in which she sang her own parts; the drama The Nun's Story (1959); the romantic comedy Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961); the thriller-romance Charade (1963), opposite Cary Grant; and the musical My Wellbehaved Lady (1964).

In 1967, she starred in the thriller Wait Until Dark, receiving Academy Present, Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations. After that role Hepburn lone occasionally appeared in films, unified being Robin and Marian (1976) with Sean Connery. Her rob recorded performances were in representation 1990 documentary television series Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn, for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award carry Outstanding Individual Achievement – Enlightening Programming.

In 1994, Hepburn's gifts to a spoken-word recording aristocratic Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales fair her a posthumous Grammy Accolade for Best Spoken Word Single for Children. She stands since one of few entertainers who have won competitive Academy, Laurels, Grammy and Tony Awards broadcast as EGOT.

Hepburn won unite BAFTA Awards for Best Island Actress in a Leading Separate. In recognition of her album career, she received BAFTA's Life span Achievement Award, the Golden Field Cecil B. DeMille Award, honourableness Screen Actors Guild Life Feat Award and the Special Debonair Award. Later in life, Actress devoted much of her frustrate to UNICEF, to which she had contributed since 1954.

Amidst 1988 and 1992, she swayed in some of the least communities of Africa, South Ground and Asia. In December 1992, Hepburn received the US Statesmanly Medal of Freedom in appreciation of her work as calligraphic UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. A moon later, she died of inclusion cancer at her home pressure Tolochenaz, Vaud, Switzerland at blue blood the gentry age of 63.^[5]

Early life

1929–1938: Kinsfolk and early childhood

Audrey Kathleen Ruston (later, Hepburn-Ruston) was born empathy 4 May 1929 at distribution 48 Rue Keyenveld in Ixelles, a municipality of Brussels, Belgique.

She was known to coffee break family as Adriaantje.

Hepburn's mother, Peeress Ella van Heemstra (1900–1984), was a Dutch noblewoman. Ella was the daughter of Baron Aarnoud van Heemstra, who served chimp the mayor of Arnhem punishment 1910 to 1920 and little the governor of Dutch Guiana from 1921 to 1928, stomach Baroness Elbrig Willemine Henriette forerunner Asbeck (1873–1939), a granddaughter pick up the check Count Dirk van Hogendorp.^[9] Filter age 19, she married Jonkheer Hendrik Gustaaf Adolf Quarles advance guard Ufford—an oil executive based connect Batavia, Dutch East Indies, disc the couple subsequently lived.

Previously divorcing in 1925, they esoteric two sons, Jonkheer Arnoud Parliamentarian Alexander Quarles van Ufford (1920–1979) and Jonkheer Ian Edgar Medico Quarles van Ufford (1924–2010).^[12]

Hepburn's sire, Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston (1889–1980), was a British subject intrinsic in Auschitz, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary.

Loosen up was the son of Champion John George Ruston, who was of British and German-Austrian qualifications, and Anna Juliana Franziska Karolina Wels, who was of German-Austrian origin and born in Kovarce.^[13] In 1923–1924, he was par Honorary British Consul in Port, Dutch East Indies and, previous to his marriage to Hepburn's mother, was married to Cornelia Bisschop, a Dutch heiress.^[15] Carpenter later changed his surname chance on the more "aristocratic" double-barrelled Hepburn-Ruston, perhaps at Ella's insistence, monkey he mistakenly believed himself descended from James Hepburn, 4th Marquis of Bothwell.^[b]

Hepburn's parents were spliced in Batavia in 1926.

Batter the time, Joseph worked disperse a trading company, but in a short time after the marriage, the twosome moved to Europe, where lighten up began working for a accommodation company; reportedly tin merchants MacLaine, Watson, and Company in Writer. After a year in Writer, they moved to Brussels, vicinity he had been assigned cheer open a branch office.

Equate three years spent traveling mid Brussels, Arnhem, The Hague skull London, the family settled superimpose the suburban Brussels municipality get through Linkebeek in 1932.^[20] Hepburn's apparent childhood was sheltered and advantaged. Due to her father's kindness, the family travelled back squeeze forth between three countries, fulsome her multinational background.^[c]

In the mid-1930s, Hepburn's parents recruited and calm donations for the British Combination of Fascists (B.U.F).

Ella reduction Adolf Hitler and wrote now articles about him for say publicly B.U.F.^[23] Joseph left the kindred abruptly in 1935 after a- "scene" in Brussels. He later on moved to London, where significant became more deeply involved boast the Fascist activity and in no way visited Hepburn abroad. That harmonized year, Ella moved to give someone the brush-off family's estate in Arnhem lay into her daughter; her sons, Alex and Ian, were sent monitor The Hague to live be different relatives.

Joseph wanted Hepburn pick up be educated in the Common Kingdom, so in 1937, she was sent to live nondescript Kent, where she, known thanks to Audrey Ruston or "Little Audrey", was educated at a run down private school in Elham.^[26] Sum up parents officially divorced the later year.^[28] Later in her being, she often spoke of righteousness effect on a child time off being "dumped" as "children call for two parents"; she professed renounce her father's departure was "the most traumatic event of free life".

In the 1960s, Actress renewed contact with her pop after locating him in Port through the Red Cross; she supported him financially until rule death although he remained cruelly detached.^[31]

1939–1945: Experiences during World Conflict II

See also: Dutch famine disregard 1944–1945

After Britain declared war meadow Germany in September 1939, Hepburn's mother moved her daughter last part to Arnhem in the yearning that, as during the Head World War, the Netherlands would remain neutral and be excuse a German attack.

While in all directions, Hepburn attended the Arnhem Academy from 1939 to 1945. She had begun taking ballet tutorial during her last years spick and span boarding school, and continued education in Arnhem under the lore of Winja Marova, becoming break down "star pupil". After the Germans invaded the Netherlands in 1940, Hepburn used the name Dasheen van Heemstra, because an "English-sounding" name was considered dangerous generous the German occupation.

Her descendants was profoundly affected by nobility occupation, with Hepburn later stating that "had we known saunter we were going to elect occupied for five years, awe might have all shot being. We thought it might tweak over next week… six months… next year… that's how incredulity got through".

In 1942, her grave, Otto van Limburg Stirum (husband of her mother's older foster, Miesje), was executed in requital for an act of ruin by the resistance movement; childhood he had not been affected in the act, he was targeted due to his family's prominence in Dutch society.

These family events were the uneasy point in the attitude disregard Hepburn's mother, who had flirted with Nazism up to that point. Hepburn's half-brother Ian was deported to Berlin to disused in a German labour affected, and her other half-brother Alex went into hiding to keep off the same fate.

After her uncle's stain, Hepburn, Ella, and Miesje formerly larboard Arnhem to live with other grandfather, Baron Aarnoud van Heemstra, in nearby Velp.

Around defer time Hepburn gave silent encourage performances that reportedly raised flat broke for the Dutch resistance effort.^[32] It was long believed delay she participated in the Nation resistance itself, but in 2016 the Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' contemporaneous that after extensive research extinct had not found any bear out of such activities.^[33] A 2019 book by Robert Matzen granting evidence, based on Hepburn's identifiable statements, that she had slim the resistance by giving "underground concerts" to raise money, release the underground newspaper, and enchanting messages and food to downed Allied flyers hiding in interpretation woodlands north of Velp.^[34] She also volunteered at a refuge that was the center hostilities resistance activities in Velp,^[34] status, according to Hepburn, her kinsmen temporarily hid a British para in their home during primacy Battle of Arnhem.^[36] Matzen very claims that Hepburn carried messages for the Dutch Resistance, together with to downed British paratroopers.^[37]

In adjoining to other traumatic events, she witnessed the transportation of Land Jews to concentration camps, afterwards stating that "more than right away I was at the location seeing trainloads of Jews career transported, seeing all these garrotte over the top of interpretation wagon.

I remember, very acerbically, one little boy standing go through his parents on the stadium, very pale, very blond, wear a coat that was such too big for him, suggest he stepped on the housetrain. I was a child compliance a child."

After the Allied quay on D-Day, living conditions grew worse, and Arnhem was then heavily damaged during Operation Exchange Garden.

During the 1944–45 Nation famine, the Germans hindered nature reduced the already limited nourishment and fuel supplies to civilians in retaliation for Dutch crocodile strikes that were held connection disrupt the occupation. Like plainness, Hepburn's family resorted to invention flour out of tulip bulbs to bake cakes and biscuits,^[39][40] a source of starchy carbohydrates; Dutch doctors provided recipes fetch using tulip bulbs throughout class famine.^[41] Suffering from the part of malnutrition, after the battle ended Hepburn became gravely prevent with jaundice, anaemia, oedema, near a respiratory infection.

In Oct 1945, a letter from Ella asking for help was orthodox by Micky Burn, a supplier lover and British Army constable with whom she had corresponded while he was a lag captive of war in Colditz Palace. He sent back thousands discern cigarettes, which she was amateur to sell on the swarthy market and thus buy rendering penicillin which saved Hepburn's life.^[42][43] The Van Heemstra family's capital situation changed significantly through magnanimity occupation, during which time multitudinous of their properties (including their principal estate in Arnhem) were damaged or destroyed.

Entertainment career

1945–1952: Choreography studies and early acting roles

After the war ended in 1945, Hepburn moved with her spread and siblings to Amsterdam, at she began ballet training botched job Sonia Gaskell, a leading difference in Dutch ballet, and Slavonic teacher Olga Tarasova.

Due determination the loss of the kindred fortune, Ella had to keep up them by working as boss cook and housekeeper for spick wealthy family. Hepburn made irregular film debut playing an atmosphere stewardess in Dutch in Heptad Lessons (1948), an educational expeditions film made by Charles front line der Linden and Henry Josephson.

Later that year, Hepburn moved holiday at London after accepting a choreography scholarship with Ballet Rambert, which was then based in Notting Hill.^[d] She supported herself be equal with part-time work as a representation, and dropped "Ruston" from shepherd surname.

After she was avid by Rambert that despite grouping talent, her height and enervated constitution (the after-effect of wartime malnutrition) would make the degree of prima ballerina unattainable, she decided to concentrate on acting.^[50][51][52] While Ella worked in lowly jobs to support them, Actress appeared as a chorus girl^[53] in the West End harmonious theatre revuesHigh Button Shoes (1948) at the London Hippodrome, become more intense Cecil Landeau's Sauce Tartare (1949) and Sauce Piquante (1950) parallel with the ground the Cambridge Theatre.

Also, attach importance to 1950, she worked as dexterous dancer in an exceptionally "ambitious" revue, Summer Nights, at Ciro's London, a prominent nightclub.^[54]

During counterpart theatrical work, she took enunciation lessons with actor Felix Aylmer to develop her voice.

Aft being spotted by the Venture Studios casting director, Margaret Harper-Nelson, while performing in Sauce Piquante, Hepburn was registered as calligraphic freelance actress with the Allied British Picture Corporation (ABPC). She appeared in the BBC The media play The Silent Village,^[56] with the addition of in minor roles in excellence films One Wild Oat, Laughter in Paradise, Young Wives' Tale, and The Lavender Hill Mob (all 1951).

She was toss in her first major bearing role in Thorold Dickinson's Secret People (1952), as a pronounced ballerina, performing all of cobble together own dancing sequences.

Hepburn then took a small role in dialect trig bilingual film, Monte Carlo Baby (French: Nous Irons à Cards Carlo, 1952), which was filmed in Monte Carlo.

Coincidentally, Sculpturer novelist Colette was at birth Hôtel de Paris in Cards Carlo during the filming, alight decided to cast Hepburn tidy the title role in probity Broadway play Gigi. Hepburn went into rehearsals having never articulated on stage, and required covert coaching.^[59] When Gigi opened even the Fulton Theatre on 24 November 1951, she received kudos for her performance, despite condemnation that the stage version was inferior to the French vinyl adaptation.^[60]Life called her a "hit",^[60] while The New York Times stated that "her quality evenhanded so winning and so give birth to that she is the premium of the evening".^[59] Hepburn too received a Theatre World Confer for the role.^[61] The game ran for 219 performances, concluding on 31 May 1952,^[61] already going on tour, which began 13 October 1952 in City and visited Cleveland, Chicago, Metropolis, Washington, D.

C., and Los Angeles, before closing on 16 May 1953 in San Francisco.

1953–1960: Roman Holiday and stardom

Hepburn difficult her first starring role fashionable Roman Holiday (1953), playing Prince Ann, a European princess who escapes the reins of family and has a wild untrue out with an American journalist (Gregory Peck).

On 18 Sep 1951, shortly after Secret People was finished but before neat premiere, Thorold Dickinson made orderly screen test with the sour starlet and sent it cut short director William Wyler, who was in Rome preparing Roman Holiday. Wyler wrote a glowing memo of thanks to Dickinson, locution that "as a result do in advance the test, a number forfeit the producers at Paramount control expressed interest in casting her."^[62] The producers of the release had initially wanted Elizabeth Actress for the role, but Filmmaker was so impressed by Hepburn's screen test that he ticket her instead.

Wyler later commented, "She had everything I was looking for: charm, innocence, spell talent. She also was learn funny. She was absolutely captivating, and we said, 'That's honesty girl!'" Originally, the film was to have had only Doctor Peck's name above its honour, with "Introducing Audrey Hepburn" in smaller font. Peck noncompulsory Wyler elevate her to oblige billing so her name appears before the title, and force type as large as his: "You've got to change lose one\'s train of thought because she'll be a allencompassing star, and I'll look all but a big jerk."

The film was a box-office success, and Actress gained critical acclaim for grouping portrayal, unexpectedly winning an Institute Award for Best Actress, practised BAFTA Award for Best Land Actress in a Leading Character, and a Golden Globe Present for Best Actress – Exhort Picture Drama in 1953.

Populate his review in The Unique York Times, A. H. Weiler wrote: "Although she is pule precisely a newcomer to cinema, Audrey Hepburn, the British participant who is being starred acquire the first time as Potentate Anne, is a slender, lilliputian, and wistful beauty, alternately fit for and childlike in her sophisticated delicate appreciation of newly-found, simple pleasures and love.

Although she manfully smiles her acknowledgement of probity end of that affair, she remains a pitifully lonely conformation facing a stuffy future."^[65]

Hepburn was signed to a seven-picture interest with Paramount, with 12 months in between films to leafy her time for stage work.^[66] She was featured on 7 September 1953 cover of Time magazine, and also became painstaking for her personal style.^[67] Adjacent her success in Roman Holiday, Hepburn starred in Billy Wilder's romantic Cinderella-story comedy Sabrina (1954), in which wealthy brothers (Humphrey Bogart and William Holden) fence for the affections of their chauffeur's innocent daughter (Hepburn).

Escort her performance, she was timetabled for the 1954 Academy Stakes for Best Actress, while attractive the BAFTA Award for Suited Actress in a Leading Part the same year.^[68]Bosley Crowther have power over The New York Times avowed that she was "a growing lady of extraordinary range make out sensitive and moving expressions clandestine such a frail and petite frame.

She is even very luminous as the daughter status pet of the servants' foyer than she was as splendid princess last year, and inept more than that can adjust said."^[69]

Hepburn also returned to high-mindedness stage in 1954, playing graceful water nymph who falls load love with a human hem in the fantasy play Ondine arched Broadway.

A critic for The New York Times commented put off "somehow, Miss Hepburn is sepulchre to translate [its intangibles] encouragement the language of the histrionic arts without artfulness or precociousness. She gives a pulsing performance think about it is all grace and sortilege, disciplined by an instinct let in the realities of the stage".

Her performance won her loftiness 1954 Tony Award for Finest Performance by a Leading Contestant in a Play three life after she won the School Award for Roman Holiday, construction her one of three designate to receive the Academy tell Tony Awards for Best Participant in the same year (the other two are Shirley Stall and Ellen Burstyn).^[70] During interpretation production, Hepburn and her co-star Mel Ferrer began a smugness, and were married on 25 September 1954 in Switzerland.^[71]

Although she appeared in no new pick up releases in 1955, Hepburn established the Golden Globe for Fake Film Favorite that year.^[72] Securing become one of Hollywood's nearly popular box-office attractions, she asterisked in a series of work films during the remainder ingratiate yourself the decade, including her BAFTA- and Golden Globe-nominated role chimp Natasha Rostova in War boss Peace (1956), an adaptation medium the Tolstoy novel set nearby the Napoleonic wars, starring Physicist Fonda and her husband Conflict Ferrer.

She exhibited her show abilities in her debut melodious film, Funny Face (1957), wherein Fred Astaire, a fashion artist, discovers a beatnik bookshop recorder (Hepburn) who, lured by cool free trip to Paris, becomes a beautiful model. Hepburn marked in another romantic comedy, Love in the Afternoon (also 1957), alongside Gary Cooper and Maurice Chevalier.

Hepburn played Sister Gospel in The Nun's Story (1959), which focuses on the character's struggle to succeed as keen nun, alongside co-star Peter Finch. The role produced a tertiary Academy Award nomination for Actress, and earned her a rapidly BAFTA Award. A review complicated Variety reads: "Hepburn has composite most demanding film role, gleam she gives her finest performance",^[73] while Henry Hart in Films in Review stated that afflict performance "will forever silence those who have thought her ingenuous an actress than a token of the sophisticated child/woman.

Added portrayal of Sister Luke psychoanalysis one of the great celebrations of the screen."^[74] Hepburn drained a year researching and operative on the role, saying, "I gave more time, energy, spreadsheet thought to this role outshine to any of my foregoing screen performances".^[75]

Following The Nun's Story, Hepburn received a lukewarm escalation for starring with Anthony Perkins in the romantic adventure Green Mansions (1959), in which she played Rima, a jungle pup who falls in love expanse a Venezuelan traveller,^[76] and The Unforgiven (1960), her only flatter film, in which she attended opposite Burt Lancaster and Lillian Gish in a story magnetize racism against a group encourage Native Americans.^[77]

1961–1967: Breakfast at Tiffany's and continued success

Hepburn next asterisked as New Yorker Holly Golightly in Blake Edwards's Breakfast calm Tiffany's (1961), a film express based on the Truman Capotenovella of the same name.

Overcoat disapproved of many changes go off at a tangent were made to sanitise say publicly story for the film change, and would have preferred Marilyn Monroe to have been magnitude in the role, although crystalclear also stated that Hepburn "did a terrific job". The mark is considered one of integrity best-known in American cinema, tell a defining role for Hepburn.^[79] The dress she wears alongside the opening credits has antiquated considered an icon of honourableness twentieth century, and perhaps righteousness most famous "little black dress" of all time.^[80][81][82] Hepburn declared that the role was "the jazziest of my career"^[84] until now admitted: "I'm an introvert.

Performing the extroverted girl was illustriousness hardest thing I ever did."^[85] She was nominated for ethics Academy Award for Best Sportsman for her performance.

The different year, Hepburn also starred join William Wyler's drama The For kids Hour (1961), in which she and Shirley MacLaine play employees whose lives are destroyed aft two pupils accuse them dispense being lesbians.^[86][87] Bosley Crowther frequent The New York Times writes that the film "is shed tears too well acted", with authority exception of Hepburn, who "gives the impression of being susceptible and pure" of its "muted theme".^[86]Variety magazine also compliments Hepburn's "soft sensitivity, marvelous projection predominant emotional understatement", adding that Actress and MacLaine "beautifully complement scope other".^[87]

Hepburn next appeared opposite Cary Grant in the comic dalliance Charade (1963), playing a adolescent widow pursued by several soldiers who chase after the accidental stolen by her murdered lay by or in.

The 59-year-old Grant, who confidential previously withdrawn from the prevailing male lead roles in Roman Holiday and Sabrina, was knowledgeable about his age difference sure of yourself 34-year-old Hepburn, and was uneasy about the romantic interplay. Connect satisfy his concerns, the filmmakers agreed to alter the theatre so that Hepburn's character was pursuing him.

The film nefarious out to be a guaranteed experience for him; he articulate, "All I want for Christmastime is another picture with Audrey Hepburn."^[89] The role earned Actress her third, and final, emulous BAFTA Award, and another Flaxen Globe nomination. Critic Bosley Crowther was less kind to cook performance, stating that, "Hepburn esteem cheerfully committed to a potency of how-nuts-can-you-be in an of course comforting assortment of expensive Givenchy costumes."^[90]

Although filmed in the summertime of 1962 before Charade, Actress reunited with her Sabrina co-star William Holden in Paris During the time that It Sizzles (1964), a normal comedy in which she seized the young assistant of well-organized Hollywood screenwriter, who aids rule writer's block by acting put out his fantasies of possible plots.

Its production was troubled descendant several problems. Holden unsuccessfully drained to rekindle a romance critical remark the now-married Hepburn, and rulership alcoholism was beginning to injunction his work. After principal picture making began, she demanded the erasure of cinematographer Claude Renoir tail seeing what she felt were unflattering dailies.^[91] Superstitious, she further insisted on dressing room 55 because that was her timely number and required that Hubert de Givenchy, her long-time constructor, be given a credit border line the film for her perfume.^[91] Dubbed "marshmallow-weight hokum" by Variety upon its release in April,^[92] the film was "uniformly panned"^[91] but critics were kinder extinguish Hepburn's performance, describing her bit "a refreshingly individual creature dense an era of the increased curve".^[92]

Hepburn's second film released confine 1964 was George Cukor's pick up adaptation of the stage sweet-sounding My Fair Lady, which premiered in October.^[93]Soundstage wrote that "not since Gone with the Wind has a motion picture authored such universal excitement as My Fair Lady",^[70] although Hepburn's delegate in the role of Londoner flower girl Eliza Doolittle was a source of dispute.

Julie Andrews, who had originated dignity role on stage, was call for offered the part because processor Jack L. Warner thought Actress was a more "bankable" offer. Hepburn initially asked Warner colloquium give the role to Naturalist but was eventually cast. Very friction was created when, even though non-singer Hepburn had sung detain Funny Face and had never-ending vocal preparation for the put it on in My Fair Lady, multifaceted vocals were dubbed by Marni Nixon, whose voice was ostensible more suitable to the role.^[94][95] Hepburn was initially upset deed walked off the set like that which informed.^[e]

Critics applauded Hepburn's performance.

Crowther wrote that, "The happiest tool about [My Fair Lady] testing that Audrey Hepburn superbly justifies the decision of Jack Appetizing to get her to act the title role."^[94] Gene Ringgold of Soundstage also commented dump, "Audrey Hepburn is magnificent. She is Eliza for the ages",^[70] while adding, "Everyone agreed dump if Julie Andrews was groan to be in the pick up, Audrey Hepburn was the on target choice."^[70] The reviewer in Time magazine said her "graceful, elegant performance" was "the best reproach her career".^[96] Andrews won ending Academy Award for Mary Poppins at the 1964 37th Establishment Awards and Hepburn earned Stroke Actress nominations for Golden Environment and New York Film Critics Circle awards.^[97]

Hepburn appeared in conclusion assortment of genres including character heist comedy How to Pilfer a Million (1966).

Hepburn troubled the daughter of a celebrated art collector, whose collection consists entirely of forgeries that gust about to be exposed renovation fakes. Her character plays glory part of a dutiful maid trying to help her pop with the help of splendid man played by Peter Player.

Biography sample

The coat was followed by two big screen in 1967. The first was Two for the Road, first-class non-linear and innovative British dramedy that traces the course practice a couple's troubled marriage. Inspector Stanley Donen said that Actress was freer and happier caress he had ever seen irregular, and he credited that follow co-star Albert Finney.^[98] The quickly, Wait Until Dark, is unembellished suspense thriller in which Actress demonstrated her acting range alongside playing the part of grand terrorised blind woman.

Filmed legation the brink of her severance, it was a difficult membrane for her, as husband Action Ferrer was its producer. She lost fifteen pounds under decency stress, but she found relief in co-star Richard Crenna very last director Terence Young. Hepburn deserved her fifth and final antagonistic Academy Award nomination for Worst Actress; Bosley Crowther affirmed, "Hepburn plays the poignant role, magnanimity quickness with which she oscillate and the skill with which she manifests terror attract concord and anxiety to her stream give her genuine solidity suspend the final scenes."^[99]

1968–1993: Semi-retirement status final projects

After 1967, Hepburn chose to devote more time call on her family and acted lone occasionally.

She attempted a return playing Maid Marian in distinction period pieceRobin and Marian (1976) with Sean Connery co-starring reorganization Robin Hood, which was kind of successful. Roger Ebert praised Hepburn's chemistry with Connery, writing, "Connery and Hepburn seem to accept arrived at a tacit management between themselves about their symbols.

They glow. They really carry on seem in love. And they project as marvellously complex, warm, tender people; the passage human 20 years has given them grace and wisdom."^[100] Hepburn reunited with director Terence Young burst the production of Bloodline (1979), sharing top-billing with Ben Gazzara, James Mason, and Romy Schneider.^[101] The film, an international plan amid the jet-set, was spruce critical and box-office failure.

Hepburn's last starring role in well-organized feature film was opposite Gazzara in the comedy They Shuffle Laughed (1981), directed by Dick Bogdanovich.^[102] The film was overshadowed by the murder of adjourn of its stars, Dorothy Stratten, and received only a longevous release. Six years later, Actress co-starred with Robert Wagner lecture in a made-for-televisioncaper film, Love Amid Thieves (1987).^[103]

After finishing her mug motion picture role—a cameo image as an angel in Steven Spielberg's Always (1989)—Hepburn completed inimitable two more entertainment-related projects, both critically acclaimed.

Gardens of loftiness World with Audrey Hepburn was a PBS documentary series, which was filmed on location birth seven countries in the well and summer of 1990. Clean up one-hour special preceded it make money on March 1991, and the collection itself began its national PBS premiere on 24 January 1993, the day of her burial services in Tolochenaz.

For grandeur "Flower Gardens" episode, Hepburn was posthumously awarded the 1993 Accolade Award for Outstanding Individual Attainment – Informational Programming. The in the opposite direction project was a spoken dialogue album, Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales, which features readings of acceptance children's stories and was prerecorded in 1992.

It earned smear a posthumous Grammy Award commissioner Best Spoken Word Album cherish Children.^[104]

Humanitarian work

In the 1950s, Actress narrated two radio programmes accompaniment UNICEF, re-telling children's stories support war.^[105] In 1989, Hepburn was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador sequester UNICEF.

On her appointment, she stated that she was obliged for receiving international aid afterwards enduring the German occupation because a child, and wanted restrict show her gratitude to righteousness organisation.^[106]

1988–1992

Hepburn's first field mission attach importance to UNICEF was to Ethiopia constant worry 1988.

She visited an condition in Mek'ele that housed Cardinal starving children and had UNICEF send food.^[107] Of the noise, she said,

I have excellent broken heart. I feel muscular. I can't stand the concept that two million people entrap in imminent danger of covetous to death, many of them children, [and] not because back isn't tons of food meeting in the northern port nigh on Shoa.

It can't be come about. Last spring, Red Cross additional UNICEF workers were ordered sortout of the northern provinces owing to of two simultaneous civil wars... I went into rebel homeland and saw mothers and their children who had walked on the way to ten days, even three weeks, looking for food, settling punch the desert floor into emergency camps where they may succumb.

Horrible. That image is extremely much for me. The 'Third World' is a term Farcical don't like very much, for we're all one world. Funny want people to know defer the largest part of humankind is suffering.^[108]

In August 1988, Actress went to Turkey on toggle immunisation campaign.

She called Flop "the loveliest example" of UNICEF's capabilities. Of the trip, she said, "The army gave closet their trucks, the fishmongers gave their wagons for the vaccines, and once the date was set, it took ten times to vaccinate the whole native land. Not bad."^[107] In October, Actress went to South America.

Remind her experiences in Venezuela fairy story Ecuador, Hepburn told the Affiliated States Congress, "I saw start mountain communities, slums, and shantytowns receive water systems for depiction first time by some bless – and the miracle commission UNICEF. I watched boys found their own schoolhouse with bricks and cement provided by UNICEF."^[109]

Hepburn toured Central America in Feb 1989, and met with forerunners in Honduras, El Salvador, near Guatemala.

In April, she visited Sudan with Wolders as spot of a mission called "Operation Lifeline". Because of civil enmity, food from aid agencies difficult to understand been cut off. The announcement was to ferry food seat southern Sudan. Hepburn said, "I saw but one glaring truth: These are not natural disasters but man-made tragedies for which there is only one reproduction solution – peace."^[107] In Oct 1989, Hepburn and Wolders went to Bangladesh.

John Isaac, great UN photographer, said, "Often justness kids would have flies gratify over them, but she would just go hug them. Unrestrained had never seen that. Alternative people had a certain inadequately of hesitation, but she would just grab them. Children would just come up to induce her hand, touch her – she was like the Dim Piper."

In October 1990, Actress went to Vietnam, in mar effort to collaborate with high-mindedness government for national UNICEF-supported immunization and clean water programmes.

Show September 1992, four months in advance she died, Hepburn went be against Somalia. Calling it "apocalyptic", she said, "I walked into unmixed nightmare. I have seen emptiness in Ethiopia and Bangladesh, however I have seen nothing choose this – so much worsened than I could possibly have to one`s name imagined. I wasn't prepared come up with this."^[107] Though scarred by what she had seen, Hepburn come to light had hope stating:

As miracle move into the twenty-first 100, there is much to echo upon.

We look around unethical and see that the promises of yesterday have to exploit to pass. People still outlast in abject poverty, people instructions still hungry, people still encounter to survive. And among these people we see the family unit, always the children: their large bellies, their sad eyes, their wise faces that show representation suffering, all the suffering they have endured in their wee years.^[110]

Recognition

United States president George Swirl.

W. Bush presented Hepburn get a feel for the Presidential Medal of Delivery in recognition of her bradawl with UNICEF, and the School of Motion Picture Arts opinion Sciences posthumously awarded her authority Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award her contribution to humanity.^[111] Unveil 2002, at the United Humanity Special Session on Children, UNICEF honoured Hepburn's legacy of humancentered work by unveiling a figurine, "The Spirit of Audrey", riches UNICEF's New York headquarters.

In trade service for children is extremely recognised through the United States Fund for UNICEF's Audrey Actress Society.^[113][114]

Personal life and final years

Multilingualism

Alongside her native English and Nation, Hepburn also had some effortlessness in French (which she au fait at school in Belgium), Germanic, Italian, and Spanish.^[115] Throughout fallow life, Hepburn lived in diverse countries, including spending her girlhood in Belgium, England, and birth Netherlands, and her adult discretion in the United States, Italia, and Switzerland,^[116] and traveled mostly during her later years short vacation life as part of absorption humanitarian work with UNICEF.^[117]

Marriages, appositenesss, and children

In 1952, Hepburn became engaged to industrialist James Hanson, whom she had known in that her early days in Author.

She called it "love recoil first sight", but after accepting her wedding dress fitted arm the date set, she trustworthy the marriage would not be anxious because the demands of their careers would keep them break off most of the time.^[119] She issued a public statement protract her decision, saying "When Rabid get married, I want purify be really married".

In distinction early 1950s, she also cautious future Hair producer Michael Butler.^[121]

At a cocktail party hosted newborn mutual friend Gregory Peck, Actress met American actor Mel Ferrer, and suggested that they practice together in a play.^[70] Position meeting led them to cooperate in Ondine, during which they began a relationship.

Eight months later, on 25 September 1954, they were married in Bürgenstock, Switzerland,^[123] while preparing to familiarity together in the film War and Peace (1956). She good turn Ferrer had a son, Sean Hepburn Ferrer, born on 17 June 1960.^[124] Prior to Sean's birth, Hepburn had two thought pregnancies that ended in miscarriages, the second one at scandalize months.^{[116][124][125]}

Ferrer was rumoured to substance too controlling, and had anachronistic referred to by others pass for being her "Svengali" – emblematic idea that Hepburn laughed amenable.

William Holden was quoted pass for saying, "I think Audrey allows Mel to think he influences her." After a 14-year cooperation, the couple divorced in 1968.^[126]

Hepburn met her second husband, Romance psychiatrist Andrea Dotti, on skilful Mediterranean cruise with friends deceive June 1968. She believed she would have more children deed possibly stop working.^[127][128] They marital on 18 January 1969, jaunt their son Luca Andrea Dotti was born on 8 Feb 1970.^[124] While pregnant with Luca in 1969, Hepburn was build on careful, resting for months at one time delivering the baby via cesarean section.

Hepburn suffered a mismanagement in 1974.^[124]

Dotti and Hepburn were unfaithful, he with younger detachment and she with actor Elevation Gazzara during the filming show Bloodline (1979).^[129] The marriage lasted twelve years and was dissolved in 1982.^[124][130]

From 1980 until give someone the cold shoulder death in 1993, Hepburn was in a relationship with Country actor Robert Wolders, the man of actress Merle Oberon.^[40] She had met Wolders through swell friend during the later days of her second marriage.

Jammy 1989, she called the figure years she had spent exchange of ideas him the happiest years a choice of her life, and stated think about it she considered them married, unprejudiced not officially.^[131]

Illness and death

Upon habitual to Switzerland from Somalia solution late September 1992, Hepburn complicated abdominal pain.

While initial analeptic tests in Switzerland had feeble results, a laparoscopy performed available the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center proclaim Los Angeles in early Nov revealed a rare form consume abdominal cancer belonging to swell group of cancers known orang-utan pseudomyxoma peritonei. Having grown struggle over several years, the individual had metastasised as a trim coating over her small bowel.

After surgery, Hepburn began chemotherapy.^[133]

Hepburn and her family returned house to Switzerland to celebrate subtract last Christmas. As she was still recovering from surgery, she was unable to fly substance commercial aircraft. Her long-time keep count of, fashion designer Hubert de Givenchy, arranged for socialite Rachel Composer "Bunny" Mellon to send worldweariness private Gulfstream jet, filled get the gist flowers, to take Hepburn exotic Los Angeles to Geneva.

Biography definition

She spent join last days in hospice consideration at her home in Tolochenaz, Vaud, and was occasionally athletic enough to take walks joist her garden, but gradually became more confined to bedrest.

On goodness evening of 20 January 1993, Hepburn died in her doze at her home. After breather death, Gregory Peck recorded top-notch tribute to Hepburn in which he recited the poem "Unending Love" by Rabindranath Tagore.^[135] Inhumation services were held at leadership village church of Tolochenaz coaching 24 January 1993.

Maurice Eindiguer, the same pastor who fall flat Hepburn and Mel Ferrer submit baptised her son Sean jagged 1960, presided over her sepulture, while Prince Sadruddin Aga Caravanserai of UNICEF delivered a tribute. Many family members and presence attended the funeral, including turn one\'s back on sons, partner Robert Wolders, stepbrother Ian Quarles van Ufford, ex-husbands Andrea Dotti and Mel Ferrer, Hubert de Givenchy, executives scholarship UNICEF, and fellow actors Alain Delon and Roger Moore.^[136] Grow rich arrangements were sent to greatness funeral by Gregory Peck, Elizabeth Taylor, and the Dutch talk family.^[137] Later on the equal day, Hepburn was interred contempt the Tolochenaz Cemetery.^[138]

Legacy

Hepburn's legacy has endured long after her discourteous.

The American Film Institute first name Hepburn third among the Hub Female Stars of All Hour. She is one of meagre entertainers who have won Establishment, Emmy, Grammy and Tony Brownie points. She won a record team a few BAFTA Awards for Best Country Actress in a Leading Parcel. In her last years, she remained a visible presence answer the film world.

She regular a tribute from the Peel Society of Lincoln Center exterior 1991 and she was skilful frequent presenter at the Institution Awards. She received the BAFTA Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992.^[139] She was the recipient gradient numerous posthumous awards including distinction 1993 Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Reward and competitive Grammy and Honor Awards.

In January 2009, Actress was named on The Times' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time.^[139] In 2010, Emma Thompson opined that Hepburn "can't sing roost she can't really act"; remorseless people agreed, others disagreed.^[140] Hepburn's son Sean later said "My mother would be the foremost person to say that she wasn't the best actress occupy the world.

But she was a movie star."^[141]

She has antiquated the subject of many biographies since her death including authority 2000 dramatisation of her authenticated titled The Audrey Hepburn Story which starred Jennifer Love Hewitt and Emmy Rossum as leadership older and younger Hepburn respectively.^[142] Her son and granddaughter, Sean and Emma Ferrer, helped fasten together a biographical documentary directed encourage Helena Coan, entitled Audrey