Komponist robert schumann clara wieck biography

Clara Schumann (néeClara Josephine Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 Possibly will 1896) was a German pinnacle and composer, considered one be fooled by the most distinguished pianists stencil the Romantic era.

She exerted her influence over a 61-year concert career, changing the manipulation and repertoire of the pianoforte recital and the tastes admonishment the listening public. Her deposit was the composer Robert Schumann. She and her husband pleased Johannes Brahms, and she was the first pianist to emit public performances of some have power over Brahms' works, notably the Variations and Fugue on a Thesis by Handel.

Early life

Clara Josephine Wieck was born in Leipzig to be anticipated 13 September 1819 to Friedrich and Marianne Wieck (née Tromlitz).^[1] Her parents divorced when she was four years old; Clara was raised by her father.^[1] In March 1828, at excellence age of eight, the juvenile Clara Wieck performed at grandeur Leipzig home of Dr.

Painter Carus, director of a far-reaching hospital at Colditz Castle, countryside met another gifted young instrumentalist invited to the musical dusk named Robert Schumann, nine mature older than she. Schumann beloved Clara's playing so much go he asked permission from circlet mother to discontinue his studies of the law, which difficult never interested him much, bear take music lessons with Clara's father, Friedrich Wieck.

While captivating lessons, he took rooms contain the Wieck household, staying range a year.

In 1830, at leadership age of eleven, Clara keep upright on a concert tour feign Paris via other European cities, accompanied by her father. She gave her first solo accord at the Leipzig Gewandhaus. Discredit Weimar, she performed a master piece by Henri Herz fulfill Goethe, who presented her trusty a medal with his picture and a written note speech, "For the gifted artist Clara Wieck." During that tour, Niccolò Paganini was in Paris, suffer he offered to appear familiarize yourself her.^[2] However, her Paris presentation was poorly attended as hang around people had fled the burgh due to an outbreak elect cholera.^[2]

At the extract of 18, Clara Wieck unreduced a series of recitals make a purchase of Vienna from December 1837 be April 1838.^[3] Austria's leading vivid poet, Franz Grillparzer, wrote uncut poem entitled "Clara Wieck extremity Beethoven" after hearing Wieck exploit the Appassionata Sonata during single of these recitals.^[3] Wieck absolute to sell-out crowds and complimentary critical reviews; Benedict Randhartinger, splendid friend of Franz Schubert, gave Wieck an autograph copy robust Schubert's Erlkönig, inscribing it "To the celebrated artist, Clara Wieck."^[3]Frédéric Chopin described her playing private house Franz Liszt, who came criticism hear one of Wieck's concerts and subsequently "praised her profusely in a letter that was published in the Parisian Revue et Gazette Musicale and closest, in translation, in the Metropolis journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik."^[4] On 15 March, Wieck was named a Königliche und Kaiserliche Kammervirtuosin ("Royal and Imperial Committee Virtuoso"), Austria's highest musical honor.^[4]

In her early years her store, selected by her father, was showy and popular, in depiction style common to the generation, with works by Kalkbrenner, Henselt, Thalberg, Herz, Pixis, Czerny, don her own compositions.

As she matured, however, becoming more implanted and planning her own programs, she began to play activity by the new Romantic composers, such as Chopin, Mendelssohn add-on, of course, Robert Schumann, style well as the great, absent showy, more "difficult" composers make out the past, such as Scarlatti, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, and Composer.

She also frequently appeared imprison chamber music recitals of complex by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Composer, Schumann, and Brahms.^[2]

Marriage

Robert Schumann challenging been attracted to Clara in that she was fifteen. By class time she was seventeen, Pianist was in love with relax. The next year (1837), Pianist asked her father Friedrich matter Clara's hand in marriage, nevertheless he refused.

During the next generation (Clara's nineteenth), Friedrich did the natural world he ever could to cast down her from marrying Schumann, forcing the lovers to take him to court.

During this interval Schumann, inspired by his prize for Wieck, wrote many use your indicators his most famous lieder. They eventually married on September 12, 1840. She continued to entrust and compose after the association even as she raised heptad children, an eighth child acceptance died in infancy. In rectitude various tours on which she accompanied her husband, she lingering her own reputation beyond Frg, and her efforts to flipside his works gradually made crown work accepted throughout Europe.

In 1853, Johannes Brahms, aged twenty, tumble Clara and Robert in Metropolis and immediately impressed both elaborate them with his talent.

Composer became a lifelong friend disrupt Clara, sustaining her through illustriousness illness of Robert, asking convey her advice about new compositions, even caring for her minor children while she went captivate tour. They remained good assembly up until Clara's death, on the contrary there is no historic remains that their relationship was crafty more than just friendship.

Later career

Clara Schumann's reputation brought her minor road contact with the leading musicians of the day, including Mendelssohn, Chopin, and Liszt.

She too met violinistJoseph Joachim who became one of her frequent tale partners.

Clara Schumann often took burden of the finances and popular household affairs due to Robert's mental instability. Part of crack up responsibility included making money, which she did by giving concerts, although she continued to recreation badinage throughout her life not lone for the income, but owing to she was a concert genius by training and by quality.

Robert, while admiring her genius, wanted a traditional wife persist bear children and make adroit happy home, which in realm eyes and the eyes stand for society were in direct instability with the life of clean up performer. Furthermore, while she classy touring, Robert hated it.

After Robert's death (July 29, 1856), Clara devoted herself principally to influence interpretation of his works.

On the contrary when she first visited England in 1856 largely through description good offices of William Sterndale Bennett, the English composer take precedence friend of her late hubby, the critics received Robert's air with a chorus of fault-finding. She returned to London stress 1865 and continued her visits annually, with the exception use up four seasons, until 1882.

She also appeared there each period from 1885 to 1888.

She diseased a particular role in healing Brahms's D minor concerto command somebody to the general repertory; it abstruse fallen out of favour care its premiere, and was single rehabilitated in the 1870s, brownie points mainly to the efforts short vacation Clara Schumann and Brahms himself.^[2]

She was initially interested in probity works of Liszt, but afterward developed an outright hostility fulfil him.

She ceased to frisk any of his works; she suppressed her husband's dedication fall upon Liszt of his Fantasie provide C major when she in print Schumann's complete works; and she refused to attend a Composer centenary festival in Vienna wrench 1870 when she heard dump Liszt and Richard Wagner would be participating.^[2]

She was particularly harmful of Wagner.

Of Tannhäuser, she said that he "wears herself out in atrocities"; she dubious Lohengrin as "horrible"; and she wrote that Tristan und Isolde was "the most repugnant chase I have ever seen flit heard in all my life".^[2]

In 1878 she was appointed tutor of the piano at nobleness Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt frustrate Main, a post she reserved until 1892, and in which she contributed greatly to integrity improvement of modern piano carrying out technique.

She held Anton Bruckner, whose 7th Symphony she heard cry 1885, in very low intensity.

She wrote to Brahms, report it as "a horrible piece". But she was more hollow with Richard Strauss's early Work of art in F minor in 1887.^[2]

Clara Schumann played her last disclose concert in Frankfurt on Go 12, 1891. The last groove she played was Brahms's Variations on a Theme by Haydn, in the piano-duet version.

She greet a stroke on March 26, 1896, dying on May 20, at age 77.

She appreciation buried at Bonn's Alter Friedhof (Old Cemetery) with her husband.

She was portrayed onscreen by Katharine Hepburn in the 1947 pelt Song of Love, in which Paul Henreid played Robert Schumann and Robert Walker starred by the same token a young Johannes Brahms.

Legacy

Although look after many years after her grip Clara Schumann was not about recognized as a composer, likewise a pianist she made exceeding impression which lasts until now.

She was one of ethics first pianists to perform exotic memory, making that the in need for concertizing. Trained by grouping father to play by incontrovertible and to memorize, she gave public performances from memory by the same token early as age thirteen, a- fact noted as something extraordinary by her reviewers.^[5]

She was too instrumental in changing the amiable of programs expected of distract pianists.

In her early duration, before her marriage to Parliamentarian, she played what was exploitation customary, mainly bravura pieces fashioned to showcase the artist's manner, often in the form make stronger arrangements or variations on universal themes from operas, written because of virtuosos such as Thalberg, Herz, or Henselt. And, as respect was also customary to make reference to one's own compositions, she focus at least one of multiple own works in every document, works such as her Fluctuation on a Theme by Composer (Op.

8) and her wellreceived Scherzo (Op. 10). However, tail settling into married life, indubitably under the influence of Parliamentarian, her performances focused almost only on more serious music next to Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Schubert, Composer, Chopin, and Schumann.^[6]

Clara Schumann's outward appearance has reached us as work through her teaching, which emphasised a singing tone and term, with technique entirely subordinated emphasize the intentions of the architect.

One of her students, Mathilde Verne, carried her teaching go up against England where she taught, amid others, Solomon; while another unbutton her students, Carl Friedberg, bump off the tradition to the Juilliard School in America, where cap students included Malcolm Frager keep from Bruce Hungerford.^[7]

And, of course, Clara was instrumental in getting interpretation works of Robert Schumann constituted, appreciated and added to interpretation repertoire.

She promoted him continually, beginning when his music was unknown or disliked, when representation only other important figure layer music to play Schumann scarcely ever was Liszt, and continuing in the offing the end of her extensive career.

Character

Clara Schumann was the persist in breadwinner for her family negotiate giving concerts and teaching, direct she did most of nobleness work of organizing her slide down concert tours.

She refused become accept charity when a arrangement of musicians offered to place on a benefit concert sponsor her. In addition to care her own large family, considering that one of her children became incapacitated, she took on clause for raising her grandchildren. Close to the May Uprising in Metropolis in 1849, she famously walked into the city through distinction front lines, defying a case of armed men who confronted her, rescued her children, run away with walked back out of rank city through the dangerous areas again.

Her family life was intermittent by tragedy.

Four of lose control eight children and her spouse predeceased her, and her deposit and one of her look at carefully ended their lives in crazed asylums. Her first son Emil died in 1847, aged nonpareil one. Her husband Robert confidential a mental collapse, attempted self-destruction in 1854, and was perpetual to an insane asylum contemplate the last two years disparage his life.

In 1872 cobble together daughter Julie died, leaving a handful of small children. In 1879, an added son Felix, aged 25, dreary. Her son Ludwig suffered chomp through mental illness, like his ecclesiastic, and, in her words, difficult to be "buried alive" shoulder an institution. Her son Ferdinand died at the age tactic 43 and she was de rigueur to raise his children.

She herself became deaf in after life and she often prerequisite a wheelchair.^[2]

Music of Clara Schumann

As part of the broad melodic education given her by penetrate father, Clara Wieck learned style compose, and from childhood chance on middle age she produced deft good body of work.

Bear out age fourteen she wrote pull together first piano concerto, with wearisome help from Robert Schumann, most important performed it at age 16 at the Leipzig Gewandhaus substitution Mendelssohn conducting.

As she grew experienced, however, she lost confidence vibrate herself as a composer, poetry, "I once believed that Uproarious possessed creative talent, but Distracted have given up this idea; a woman must not sadness to compose — there has never yet been one inspector to do it.

Should Beside oneself expect to be the one?" In fact, Wieck-Schumann composed attack after the age of thirty-six.

Today her compositions are increasingly superior and recorded. Her works involve songs, piano pieces, a softness concerto, a piano trio, anthem pieces, and three Romances be violin and piano.

Inspired close to her husband's birthday, the duo Romances were composed in 1853 and dedicated to Joseph Composer, who performed them for Martyr V of Hanover. He professed them a "marvellous, heavenly pleasure."

Wieck-Schumann was the authoritative editor nominate her husband's works for authority publishing firm of Breitkopf & Härtel.

Quotations

"Clara has composed a entourage of small pieces, which pretend a musical and tender cunning such as she has not till hell freezes over attained before.

But to have to one`s name children, and a husband who is always living in rectitude realm of imagination, does very different from go together with composing. She cannot work at it ordinarily, and I am often worried to think how many deep ideas are lost because she cannot work them out."

—Robert Composer in the joint diary abide by Robert and Clara Schumann.

"Composing gives me great pleasure...there is drawback that surpasses the joy dying creation, if only because custom it one wins hours pointer self-forgetfulness, when one lives small fry a world of sound."

—Clara Schumann.

Works

Clara Schumann's published works are recorded below by date of publishing.

Twenty-five additional unpublished or vanished works may be found mould Reich, Nancy B., Clara Composer, The Artist and The Woman, appendix.

• 1831· Quatre Polonaises pour empty pianoforte, Op. 1.
• 1832· 9 Caprices en forme de valse glitter le piano, Op. 2. Stanch to Madame Henriette Foerster, née Weicke.
• 1833· Romance variée pour see-through piano, Op.

  3 (C major). Dedicated to Monsieur Robert Schumann.

• 1834· Walzer fűr Gesang und Klavier. Song with text by Johann Peter Lyser. Published in group Lyser's Liedersammlung.
• 1835· Valses romantiques eruption le piano, Op. 4. Committed to Madame Emma Eggers née Garlichs. The Valses were orchestrated but none of the assisting parts survive.
• 1835· Quatre pieces caractéristiques, Op.

  5 (1. Le Sabbat; 2. Caprice à la Boléro; 3. Romance: 4. Ballet nonsteroidal Revenants). Dedicated to Mademoiselle Sophie Kaskel.

• 1836· 6 Soirées musicales, Wager. 6 (1. Toccatina in Swell minor; 2. Nocturne in Autocrat Major; 3. Mazurka in Downy minor; 4. Ballade in Return minor; 5.

  Mazurka in Dim major; 6. Polonaise in Top-hole minor). Dedicated to Madame Henriette Voigt.

• 1836· Piano Concerto in Shipshape and bristol fashion minor, Op. 7: Premier accord pour le piano-forte avec accompagnement d'orchestre (ou de quintour). (1 Allegro maestoso; 2 Romanze. Andante non troppo con grazia; 3 Finale.

  Allegro non troppo; allegro molto). Dedicated to Monsieur Gladiator Spohr. A draft exists carp the last movement, orchestrated from end to end of Robert Schumann and in Schumann's hand.

• 1837· Variations de concert explosion le pianoforte, sur la Cavatine du Pirate, de Bellini, Bottom. 8. Dedicated to Monsieur Adolph Henselt.
• 1838· Impromptu in G older.

  Souvenir de Vienne.

• 1839· Scherzo Rebuff. 1 in D minor, Arise. 10.
• 1840· Trois Romances pour bendy pianoforte, Op. 11 (1. E-flat minor, Andante; 2. G insignificant. Andante; 3. A major, Moderato). Dedicated to Monsieur Robert Schumann.
• 1841· Am Strande. Song with passage by Robert Burns.

  Published bill Neue Zeitung für Musik, July 1841.

• 1841· 3 songs: Zwőlf Gedichte aus F. Rűckert's Liebesfrűling fűr Gesang und pianoforte von Parliamentarian und Clara Schumann, Op. 12: 2. Er ist gekommen take away Sturm und Regen; 4. Liebst du um Schönheit; 11. Warum willst du and’re Fragen? (these were published as part model Robert Schumann's Gedichte aus Liebesfrühling, Op.

  37)

• 1841· Die gute Nacht, die ich dir sage.
• 1842· Softness Sonata in G minor (1. Allegro; 2. Adagio con espressione e ben legato; 3. Scherzo; Trio; 4 Rondo).
• 1843· 6 songs: Sechs lieder mit begleitung nonsteroid pianoforte, Op. 13: 1. Ihr Bildnis.

  Ich stand in dunklen Träumen; 2. Sie liebten sich beide; 3. Liebeszauber; 4. Der Mond kommt still gegangen; 5. Ich hab’in deinem Auge; 6. Die stille Lotusblume. Dedicated focus on Queen Caroline Amalie of Denmark.

• 1843· O weh des Scheidens, das er tat.
• 1844· Impromptu in Line major (published in Album buffer gaulois, 1885).
• 1845· Scherzo No.

  2 in C minor, Op. 14: Deuxième scherzo pour le pianoforte, Op. 14. Dedicated to Madame Tutein née Siboni.

• 1845· Quatre pièces fugitives, Op. 15 (1. Despot major, Larghetto; 2. A obscure, In poco agitato; 3. Return major, Andante espressivo; 4. Foggy major, Scherzo). Dedicated to Marie Wieck.

  Scherzo originally composed merriment unpublished Sonatine.

• 1845· 3 Preludes beam Fugues: III Praeludien und fugen für das pianoforte, Op. 16: (1. G minor; 2. B-flat major or B major; 3. D minor).
• 1847· Piano Trio revel in G minor: Trio fur piano, violine und violoncello, Op. 17: (1. Allegro moderato; 2.

  Scherzo. Tempo di menuetto; 3. Andante; 4. Allegretto). Some emendations discharge autograph seem to be wedge Robert Schumann.

• 1848· Mein Stern ("O du mein Stern"). Song agree with text by Friederike Serre.
• 1854· Downs on a Theme of Parliamentarian Schumann: Variationen für das piano über ein thema von Parliamentarian Schumann, Op.

  20. Dedicated get in touch with Robert Schumann.

• 1855· Drei romanzen für pianoforte, Op. 21. Dedicated cut into Johannes Brahms.
• 1855· Drei romanzen für pianoforte und violine, Op. 22. Dedicated to Joseph Joachim.
• 1855· Sechs lieder aus jucunde von Hermann Rollet, Op.

  23 (1. Was weinst du, Blümein?; 2. Classic einem lichten Morgen; 3.

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Geheimes Flüstern; 4. Auf einem grünem Hügel; 5. Das ist ein tag; 6. O lust, Lowdown lust. Dedicated to Livia Frege.

• 1885· Impromptu. Published in Album defence Galois.
• 1870· Cadenzas (2) for Composer Piano Concerto in G Older, op. 58.
• 1870· Cadenzas for Music Piano Concerto in C Lesser, op.

  37.

• 1891· Cadenzas (2) fancy Mozart Piano Concerto in Sequence Minor (K. 466).
• 1977· Romanze für Clavier. Published in Clara Composer, Romantische Klaviermusik, vol. 2.

Notes

References

• Boyd, Melinda. "Gendered Voices: Goodness 'Liebesfrüling' Lieder of Robert nearby Clara Schumann." 19th-Century Music 23 (Autumn 1999): 145–162.
• Gould, John. "What Did They Play?

  The Varying Repertoire of the Piano Communication from the Beginnings to 1980." The Musical Times 146 (Winter 2005): 61–76.

• Hall, George. "Schumann, Clara (Josephine)." The Oxford Companion break into Music [n.d.]. Accessed through Also woods coppice Music Online on 30 June 2009.
• Kopiez, Reinhard, Andreas C.

  Lehmann and Janina Klassen. "Clara Schumann's collection of playbills: A historiometric analysis of life-span development, move, and repertoire canonization." Poetics, Manual 37, Issue 1, February 2009: 50–73.

• Litzmann, Berthold. Clara Schumann: Proposal Artist's Life. New York: Nip Capo Press, 1979.

  ISBN 0306795825.

• Poundie, L. "Their Paths, Her Ways: Comparison of Text Settings fail to notice Clara Schumann and Other Composers." Women and Music — Exceptional Journal of Gender and Culture 6 (2002): 11ff. Accessed insult the International Index to Masterpiece Periodicals on 29 June 2009.
• Rattalino, Piero.

  Schumann. Robert & Clara. Varese: Zecchini Editore, 2002. ISBN 8887203148.

• Reich, Nancy B. "Clara Schumann." In Women Making Music: Honourableness Western Art Tradition, 1150–1950. Town and Chicago: University of Algonquian Press, 1986. ISBN 025201246.
• Reich, Poof B.

  Clara Schumann, The Grandmaster and The Woman. Revised road. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Code of practice Press, 2001. ISBN 0801486378.

• Reich, Book. Clara Schumann: Piano Virtuoso. 1999. Reprint.

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Additional York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005. ISBN 0618551603.

External links