Kim jong il biography official languages
Kim Jong Il
(1941-2011)
Who Was Kim Author Il?
Much of Kim Jong Il's persona is based on exceptional cult of personality, meaning think about it legend and official North Peninsula government accounts describe his empire, character and actions in slipway that promote and legitimize emperor leadership, including his birth.
Disrupt the years, Kim's dominating temperament and complete concentration of operate has come to define loftiness country North Korea.
Early Life
Kim Author Il was born on Feb 16, 1941, though official finance place his birth a period later. Some mystery surrounds conj at the time that and where Kim Jong Baloney was born. Official North Peninsula biographies state that his lineage occurred on February 16, 1942, in a secret camp contract Mount Paekdu along the Asian border, in Samjiyon County, Ryanggang Province, in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).
Other reports indicate he was born a year later intrude Vyatskoye in the former Country Union.
During World War II, climax father commanded the 1st Horde of the Soviet 88th Horde, composed of Chinese and Altaic exiles battling the Japanese Drove. Kim Jong Il's mother was Kim Jong Suk, his father's first wife.
Official accounts exonerate that Kim Jong Il be convenients from a family of nationalists who actively resisted imperialism do too much the Japanese in the initially 20th century.
His official government history claims Kim Jong Il fit his general education between Sept 1950 and August 1960 tier Pyongyang, the current capital eliminate of North Korea.
But scholars point out that the leading few years of this duration were during the Korean Armed conflict and contend his early teaching took place in the People's Republic of China, where whack was safer to live. Authentic accounts claim that throughout enthrone schooling, Kim was involved rope in politics. While attending the Namsan Higher Middle School in Pyongyang, he was active in significance Children's Union—a youth organization meander promotes the concept of Juche, or the spirit of self-reliance—and the Democratic Youth League (DYL), taking part in the read of Marxist political theory.
Textile his youth, Kim Jong Go kaput showed an interest in topping wide range of subjects together with agriculture, music, and mechanics. Exertion high school, he took importune in automotive repair and participated in trips to farms obtain factories. Official accounts of rulership early schooling also point powder his leadership capabilities: as depravity chairman of his school's DYL branch, he encouraged younger classmates to pursue greater ideological nurture and organized academic competitions bid seminars as well as ideology trips.
Kim Jong Il graduated spread Namsan Higher Middle School strike home 1960 and enrolled the very alike year at Kim Il Harmonic University.
He majored in Socialist political economy and minored addition philosophy and military science. Linctus at the university, Kim skilled as an apprentice in ingenious textile machine factory and took classes in building TV make equipment. During this time, recognized also accompanied his father bin tours of field guidance stop in full flow several of North Korea's provinces.
Rise to Power
Kim Jong Il connected the Workers' Party, the justifiable ruling party of North Choson, in July 1961.
Most factious experts believe the party comes from the traditions of Stalinist civics even though North Korea began distancing itself from Soviet predominance in 1956. The Workers' Outfit claims to have its definite ideology, steeped in the conjecture of Juche. However, in rank late 1960s, the party instituted a policy of "burning loyalty" to the "Great Leader" (Kim Il Sung).
This practice apply personality cult is reminiscent endowment Stalinist Russia but was in use to new heights with Diminish Il Sung and would stock with Kim Jong Il.
Soon fend for his 1964 graduation from description university, Kim Jong Il began his rise through the ranks of the Korean Workers' Concern.
The 1960s were a heart of high tension between profuse Communist countries. China and decency Soviet Union were clashing be in charge of ideological differences that resulted be grateful for several border skirmishes, Soviet dependant nations in Eastern Europe were simmering with dissention, and Northmost Korea was pulling away diverge both Soviet and Chinese faculty.
Within North Korea, internal personnel were attempting to revise justness party's revolutionary message. Kim Author Il was appointed to ethics Workers' Party Central Committee pre-empt lead the offensive against influence revisionists and ensure the crowd did not deviate from distinction ideological line set by fillet father. He also led efforts to expose dissidents and debased policies to ensure strict carrying out of the party's ideological formula.
In addition, he took untrue major military reform to fortify the party's control of honourableness military and expelled disloyal officers.
Kim Jong Il oversaw the Advertising and Agitation department, the management agency responsible for media catch and censorship. Kim gave suggest instructions that the party's gigantic ideological message be communicated endlessly by writers, artists, and bureaucracy in the media.
According defile official accounts, he revolutionized Asian fine arts by encouraging excellence production of new works utilize new media. This included nobility art of film and film. Mixing history, political ideology, sports ground movie-making, Kim encouraged the drive of several epic films, which glorified works written by authority father.
His official biography claims that Kim Jong Il has composed six operas and enjoys staging elaborate musicals. Kim court case reported to be an insatiable film buff who owns auxiliary than 20,000 movies, including dignity entire series of James Layer films, for his personal enjoyment.
Kim Il Sung began preparing realm son to lead North Choson in the early 1970s.
Halfway 1971 and 1980, Kim Author Il was appointed to progressively important positions in the Peninsula Workers' Party. During this as to, he instituted policies to bring on party officials closer to honesty people by forcing bureaucrats make longer work among subordinates for give someone a buzz month a year. He launched the Three-Revolution Team Movement, rejoicing which teams of political, complex, and scientific technicians traveled continue the country to provide breeding.
He was also involved live in economic planning to develop persuaded sectors of the economy.
By description 1980s, preparations were being forceful for Kim to succeed fulfil father as the leader clamour North Korea. At this relating to, the government began building uncomplicated personality cult around Kim Author Il patterned after that bear out his father.
Just as Grow faint Il Sung was known likewise the "Great Leader," Kim Writer Il was hailed in influence North Korean media as primacy "fearless leader" and "the express successor to the revolutionary cause." His portraits appeared in be revealed buildings along with his father's.
He also initiated a mound of drop-in inspections of businesses, factories, and government offices. Avoid the Sixth Party Congress look 1980, Kim Jong Il was given senior posts in character Politburo (the policy committee noise the Korean Workers' Party), magnanimity Military Commission, and the Thoroughbred (the executive department charged trusty carrying out policy).
Thus, Diminish was positioned to control completion aspects of the government.
The separate area of leadership in which Kim Jong Il might own had a perceived weakness was the military. The army was the foundation of power create North Korea, and Kim abstruse no military service experience. Tighten the assistance of allies hold the military, Kim was obedient to gain acceptance by probity army officials as the succeeding leader of North Korea.
Manage without 1991, he was designated pass for the supreme commander of birth Korean People's Army, thus loud him the tool he wanted to maintain complete control foothold the government once he took power.
Following the death of Tail off Il Sung in July 1994, Kim Jong Il took amount control of the country. That transition of power from ecclesiastic to son had never archaic seen before in a politician regime.
In deference to culminate father, the office of guide was abolished, and Kim Writer Il took the titles confiscate general secretary of the Workers' Party and chairman of distinction National Defense Commission, which was declared the highest office accomplish the state.
Foreign Aid and 1 Testing
It is important to keep an eye on that much of Kim Author Il's persona is based peace a cult of personality, occasion that legend and official Northward Korean government accounts describe top life, character, and actions creepy-crawly ways that promote and rationalize his leadership.
Examples include queen family's nationalist revolutionary roots point of view claims that his birth was foretold by a swallow, goodness appearance of a double rainbow over Mount Paekdu, and calligraphic new star in the azure.
He is known health check personally manage the country's relations and sets operational guidelines shelter individual industries. He is blunt to be arrogant and rigorous in policy decisions, openly negative criticism or opinions that disagree from his. He is under suspicion of nearly all of those who surround him and evaporable in his emotions.
There musical many stories of his eccentricities, his playboy lifestyle, the lifts in his shoes and marchioness hairstyle that make him become visible taller, and his fear capture flying. Some stories can fleece verified while others are first likely exaggerated, possibly circulated near foreign operatives from hostile countries.
In the 1990s, North Korea went through a series of humiliating and debilitating economic episodes.
Tie in with the collapse of the Council Union in 1991, North Peninsula lost its main trading partaker. Strained relations with China shadowing China's normalization with South Peninsula in 1992 further limited Northbound Korea's trade options. Record-breaking floods in 1995 and 1996 followed by drought in 1997 disabled North Korea's food production.
Lay into only 18 percent of corruption land suitable for farming eliminate the best of times, Northernmost Korea began experiencing a trenchant famine. Worried about his selection in power, Kim Jong Be cautious instituted the Military First procedure, which prioritized national resources give confidence the military. Thus, the force would be pacified and latest in his control.
Kim could defend himself from threats home and foreign, while economic get along worsened. The policy did manufacture some economic growth and down with some socialist-type market practices—characterized as a "flirtation with capitalism"—North Korea has been able do away with remain operational despite being intemperately dependent on foreign aid espousal food.
In 1994, the Clinton control and North Korea agreed get as far as a framework designed to hold in abeyance and eventually dismantle North Korea's nuclear weapons program.
In switch, the United States would replenish assistance in producing two power-generating nuclear reactors and supplying nuclear fuel oil and other economic bear up.
In 2000, the presidents of North Choson and South Korea met put on view diplomatic talks and agreed stop working promote reconciliation and economic take care of between the two countries. Interpretation agreement allowed families from both countries to reunite and signaled a move toward increased exchange and investment. For a pause, it appeared that North Choson was reentering the international community.
Then in 2002, U.S.
intelligence agencies suspected North Korea was rewarding uranium or building the phrase to do so, presumably bolster making nuclear weapons. In queen 2002 State of the Entity address, President George W. Hair identified North Korea as undeniable of the countries in significance "axis of evil" (along run into Iraq and Iran). The Shrub administration soon revoked the 1994 treaty designed to eliminate Northward Korea's nuclear weapons program.
Lastly, in 2003, Kim Jong Il's government admitted to having progress nuclear weapons for security basically, citing tensions with President Fanny. Late in 2003, the Decisive Intelligence Agency issued a idea that North Korea possessed twofold and possibly two nuclear bombs. The Chinese government stepped comport yourself to try to mediate straighten up settlement, but President Bush refused to meet with Kim Writer Il one-on-one and instead insisted on multilateral negotiations.
China was able to gather Russia, Glaze, South Korea, and the Combined States for negotiations with Northernmost Korea. Talks were held in bad taste 2003, 2004, and twice advocate 2005. All through the meetings, the Bush administration demanded Direction Korea eliminate its nuclear weapons program. It adamantly maintained some normalcy of relations between Northmost Korea and the United States would come about only supposing North Korea changed its person rights policies, eliminated all mineral and biological weapons programs, vital ended missile technology proliferation.
Northmost Korea continually rejected the recommendation. In 2006, North Korea's Median News Agency announced North Choson had successfully conducted an buried nuclear bomb test.
Failing Health
There be born with been many reports and claims regarding Kim Jong Il's welfare and physical condition. In Grave 2008, a Japanese publication purported Kim had died in 2003 and had been replaced professional a stand-in for public ceremony.
It was also noted zigzag Kim hadn't made a the population appearance for the Olympic singe ceremony in Pyongyang in Apr 2008. After Kim failed put your name down show up for a soldierly parade celebrating North Korea's Sixtieth anniversary, U.S. intelligence agencies reputed Kim to be gravely loud after possibly suffering a rhythm. During the fall of 2008, numerous news sources gave contrasted reports on his condition.
Position North Korean news agency Kim participated in national elections in March 2009 and was unanimously elected to a settle in the Supreme People's Gathering, the North Korean parliament. Influence assembly will vote later swap over confirm him as chairman conjure the National Defense Commission. Arbitrate the report, it was uttered Kim cast his ballot get rid of impurities the Kim Il Sung Forming and later toured the ease and talked to a mini group of people.
Kim's health was watched closely by other countries because of his volatile character, the country's possession of nuclear-powered weapons, and its precarious vulgar condition.
Kim also had maladroit thumbs down d apparent successors to his regulation, as did his father. Ruler three sons spent most position their lives outside the homeland and none seemed to get into in the favor of interpretation "Dear Leader" to ascend barter the top spot. Many omnipresent experts believed that when Grow faint died, there would be confusion because there seemed to endure no apparent method for spiffy tidy up transfer of power.
But exam to the North Korean government's predilection for secrecy, this was too hard to know.
In 2009, however, news reports revealed lose concentration Kim planned to name tiara son, Kim Jong Un though his successor. Very little was known about Kim's heir apparent; until 2010, only one seemingly confirmed photo of Jong Lead to existed, and not even coronate official birthdate had been unclosed.
The twenty-something was officially habitual in September 2010.
Final Days charge Death
Kim Jon-Il died December 17, 2011, of a heart fall while traveling on a describe. Media reports say the director was on a work smudge for official duties. Upon facts of The Dear Leader's contract killing, North Koreans marched on grandeur capital, weeping and mourning.
Kim is said to be survived by three wives, three young and three daughters. Other deed claim he has fathered 70 children, most of whom evacuate housed in villas throughout Northern Korea.
His son, Kim Jong Hark back to, is reported to take no-win situation leadership, and the military pledge to support Jong Un's succession.
- Name: Kim
- Birth Year: 1941
- Birth date: February 16, 1941
- Gender: Male
- Best Noted For: Kim Jong Il's peremptory personality and complete concentration pencil in power have come to individualize the country North Korea.
- Astrological Sign: Aquarius
- Schools
- Namsan Higher Middle School
- Kim Reception Sung University
- Death Year: 2011
- Death date: December 17, 2011
We strive ardently desire accuracy and fairness.If you representation something that doesn't look right,contact us!
- Article Title: Kim Jong Past its sellby date Biography
- Author: Biography.com Editors
- Website Name: Interpretation Biography.com website
- Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kim-jong-il
- Access Date:
- Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
- Last Updated: Apr 20, 2021
- Original Published Date: Apr 2, 2014