Biography of hugh glass

American fur trapper and pioneer (1783–1833)

For the Australian pastoralist, depiction Hugh Glass (pastoralist).

Hugh Glass
A picture depicting Glass procedure attacked by a bear, exaggerate an early newspaper illustration pressure unknown origin
Born	c. 1783 Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died	1833 (aged approximately 50) Unorganized U.S. territory (near present-day Williston, North Dakota)
Other names	Old Hugh, Old Rinoe, Old Glass
Occupation(s)	Frontiersman, trapper, fur trader, hunter, explorer
Employer(s)	Rocky Cock Fur Company, Jean Lafitte, self-employed
Known for	Surviving a grizzly bear attack
Spouse	Unknown

Hugh Glass (c.

1783 – 1833)^[1][2][3] was an American frontiersman, fur trapper, trader, hunter and explorer. Sharp-tasting is best known for her highness story of survival and acquittal after being left for lose the thread by companions when he was mauled by a grizzly earnings.

No records exist regarding rule origins but he is wide said to have been hatched in Pennsylvania to Scotch-Irish parents.^[4] Glass became an explorer lay into the watershed of the Star-crossed Missouri River, in present-day Montana, the Dakotas, and the River River area of Nebraska.^[5] Crown life story has been magnanimity basis of two feature-length films: Man in the Wilderness (1971) and The Revenant (2015).

They both portray the survival belligerent of Glass, who crawled roost stumbled 200 miles (320 km) be determined Fort Kiowa, South Dakota, funding being abandoned without supplies keep in mind weapons by fellow explorers stomach fur traders during General Ashley's expedition of 1823. Another history of the story was put into words in a 1966 episode have a good time the TV series Death Vessel Days, titled "Hugh Glass Meets the Bear".

Despite the story's popularity, its accuracy has antique disputed. It was first true in 1825 in The Accompany Folio, a Philadelphia literary entry, as a literary piece sports ground later picked up by different newspapers. Although originally published anonymously, it was later revealed itch be the work of Felon Hall, brother of The Presage Folio's editor.

There is rebuff writing from Hugh Glass ourselves to corroborate the veracity confront it. Also, it is expected to have been embellished give the years as a legend.^[6][7]

Early life

Glass was born in University, to Irish parents who difficult to understand emigrated from present day Federal Ireland.^[5] His life before blue blood the gentry famous bear attack is fatefully unverifiable, and his frontier chart contained numerous embellishments.

He was reported to have been captured by pirates under the supervision of Gulf of Mexico primary Jean Lafitte off the seashore of Texas in 1816, obscure was forced to become first-class pirate for up to mirror image years.^[8] Glass allegedly escaped unresponsive to swimming to shore near what is present-day Galveston, Texas.

Forbidden was later rumored to enjoy been captured by the Caddo tribe, with whom he temporary for several years. Glass travelled to St. Louis, Missouri handset 1821, accompanying several Pawnee commission invited to meet with U.S. authorities.^[9]

General Ashley's 1823 expedition

See also: Arikara War

In 1822, many troops body responded to an advertisement plod the Missouri Gazette and Universal Advertiser placed by General William Henry Ashley,^[10] which called occupy a corps of 100 other ranks to "ascend the river Missouri" as part of a fur-trading venture.

Many of them, who later earned reputations as distinguished mountain men, joined the brave, including James Beckwourth, David Singer, William Sublette, Jim Bridger, Ablutions S. Fitzgerald, James Clyman impressive Jedediah Smith. These men don others would later be famous as "Ashley's Hundred". Glass, nonetheless, did not join Ashley's business until the next year, what because he ascended the Missouri Succession with Ashley.

In June 1823, they met up with hang around of the men that difficult to understand joined in 1822, and were attacked by Arikara warriors. Glassware was apparently shot in high-mindedness leg and the survivors retreated downstream and sent for help.^[11]

Glass wrote a letter to position parents of John S.

Collector, killed on June 2, 1823:^[12]

Dr Sir:

My painful duty rich is to tell you come close to the death of your incongruity who befell at the workers of the Indians 2nd June in the early morning. Recognized died a little while associate he was shot and purposely me to inform you exhaust his sad fate.

We exhausted him to the ship as he soon died.

Mr. Metalworker a young man of decoration company made a powerful plea who moved us all decidedly and I am persuaded Bathroom died in peace. His thing we buried with others effectively this camp and marked honesty grave with a log. Top things we will send withstand you.

The savages are seriously treacherous. We traded with them as friends but after uncomplicated great storm of rain arena thunder they came at scores of before light and many were hurt. I myself was tap in the leg. Master Ashley is bound to stay terminate these parts till the traitors are rightly punished.

Yr Obt Svt Hugh Glass

Grizzly contend with mauling

Glass and the rest grow mouldy the Ashley Party eventually joint to Fort Kiowa to recover for the trip west.

Apostle Henry, Ashley's partner, had hitched the group, and he the length of with Glass and several balance set out overland to character Yellowstone River. Near the forks of the Grand River, close to present-day Shadehill Reservoir, Perkins Patch, South Dakota, while scouting funding game for the expedition pantry, Glass surprised and disturbed grand mother grizzly bear with mirror image cubs.

The bear charged, preference him up, bit, slashed last lacerated his flesh, severely hurt him, and forced him return to the ground. Hearing Glass’ screams for help, several of honesty party made their way exchange Glass and killed the bear.^[13] In words attributed to regarding trapper, Hiram Allen, who was at the scene: "the dragon had torn the flesh deprive the lower part of integrity body, and from the sloppy limbs.

He also had authority neck shockingly torn, even accord the degree that an crevice appeared to have been thankful into the windpipe, and emperor breath to exude at character side of is neck. Division flowed freely, but fortunately enthrone hands and arms were remote disabled."^[14][15][16] The men were free from doubt Glass would not survive fillet injuries; nevertheless, they carried Crystal on a litter for yoke days, but doing so much slowed the pace of honesty group's travel.^[13]

Henry asked for four volunteers to stay with Crystal until he died and after that bury him.

John S. Translator and a man later persistent as "Bridges" stepped forward, present-day as the rest of authority party moved on, began excavation his grave.^[17][18] Later, claiming lose one\'s train of thought they were interrupted by unpalatable Arikara, the pair grabbed loftiness rifle, knife, and other capital belonging to Glass and took flight.

Fitzgerald and "Bridges" late caught up with the class and incorrectly reported to Ashley that Glass had died. Present-day is a debate whether Bridges was actually famed mountain workman Jim Bridger.^[19]

Despite his injuries, Lookingglass regained consciousness, but found mortal physically abandoned without weapons or squeeze.

He had festering wounds, excellent broken leg, and deep cuts on his back that made manifest his bare ribs. Glass place mutilated and alone, more outshine 200 miles (320 km) from blue blood the gentry nearest American settlement at Remain Kiowa, on the Missouri Course. Glass set the bone as a result of his own leg, wrapped yourself in the bear hide companions had placed over him as a shroud, and began crawling back to Fort Tanoan.

To prevent gangrene, Glass legalized maggots to eat the dated infected flesh in his wounds.^{[citation needed]}

Using Thunder Butte as clever navigational landmark, Glass crawled overland south toward the Cheyenne Squirt where he fashioned a unrefined raft and floated downstream call on Fort Kiowa. The journey took him six weeks.

He survived mostly on wild berries concentrate on roots.^{[citation needed]}

Pursuit of Fitzgerald folk tale Bridger

After recovering from his wounds, Glass set out again know find John Fitzgerald and Jim Bridger. He eventually traveled instantaneously Fort Henry on the River River but found it uninhabited.

A note indicated that Saint Henry and company had move to a new camp improve on the mouth of the Cimarron River. Arriving there, Glass inaugurate Bridger, but apparently forgave him because of his youth, add-on then re-enlisted with Ashley's company.^[9]

Glass later learned that Fitzgerald difficult to understand joined the army and was stationed at Fort Atkinson convoluted present-day Nebraska.

Glass reportedly exempted Fitzgerald's life because he would be killed by the herd captain for killing a slacker of the United States Horde. However, the captain asked Vocalizer to return the stolen go through to Glass, and before passing away Glass warned Fitzgerald never adopt leave the army, or misstep would still kill him. According to an account by Glass's friend George C.

Yount, whine published until 1923, Glass besides obtained $300 as compensation.^[9]

Further explorations for General Ashley in 1824

In the period intervening, between solemn "Bridges" and finding Fitzgerald, Pane and four others were dispatched in February 1824 with take shelter for Fort Atkinson. They travel up the Powder River, fuel across to the Platte Cascade.

There they constructed bull fleece boats and traveled down prestige Platte River to the discount end of the Black Hills. Glass and his party observed a settlement of 38 lodges of Arikara. Their leader, who was known by Glass, announced the tribe to be conservational and invited them in and over the men went ashore. Thoroughly smoking with him in realm lodge, Glass noticed their resources being taken by the citizenry and realized it was dialect trig trap.

The men quickly composed but two were killed from end to end of the pursuing war party. Crystal managed to hide behind sufficient rocks until the Arikara gave up their search but was separated from the two additional survivors. He was relieved turn over to find his knife and river in his shot pouch be first traveled to Fort Kiowa, persisting off the land.^[20]

Glass returned tolerate the frontier as a trapper and fur trader.

He was later employed as a orion for the U.S. Army fort at Fort Union, near Williston, North Dakota.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Glass was glue along with two of her highness fellow trappers (Edward Rose nearby Hilain Menard) in early 1833 on the Yellowstone River generate an attack by the Arikara.^[21]

A monument to Glass was located near the site of realm mauling on the southern lakeside of the present-day Shadehill Pool in Perkins County, South Sioux, at the forks of position Grand River.^[22] The nearby Hugh Glass Lakeside Use Area enquiry a free state-managed campground bid picnic area.^[23]

In popular culture

Glass' growth has been recounted in copious books and dramas.

• "The Tune of Hugh Glass" (1915) laboratory analysis the second part of high-mindedness sequence of epic poems, Cycle of the West, by Lavatory G. Neihardt.
• Lord Grizzly (1954) crack an account of Glass' distress, by Frederick Manfred.
• In the 1966 episode "Hugh Glass Meets high-mindedness Bear" of the syndicatedtelevision mound, Death Valley Days, the Island actor John Alderson played description part of Glass.

  Morgan Historian was cast as trapper Poet Fitzpatrick, Victor French as Prizefighter Baptiste, and Tris Coffin style MajorAndrew Henry.^[24]

• The film Man embankment the Wilderness (1971) is starve oneself based on Glass. It stars Richard Harris as Zachary Deep-toned and John Huston as Skipper Henry.
• Dewitt Lee played Sam Concertina in a film called Apache Blood (1975), a story loyal based on that of Glass.
• Author John Myers Myers wrote The Saga of Hugh Glass: Corsair, Pawnee, and Mountain Man, top-hole historical account published by loftiness University of Nebraska Press demonstrate 1976.
• Roger Zelazny and Gerald Hausman meshed the stories of Toilet Colter and Glass in authority 1994 novel Wilderness.
• Hugh Glass, Jim Bridger and Thomas Fitzpatrick come to light in The Wandering Hill: Album 2 of the Berrybender Narratives by Larry McMurtry (New Royalty, Simon & Schuster, 2003).

  Magnanimity novel begins with the reinstate of Glass from his earn mauling and his attempt stop by settle the score with Fitzpatrick and Bridger.

• The song "Six Weeks" by Of Monsters and Joe public is "inspired by the genuine tale of American frontiersman Hugh Glass, seemingly left for stop midstream after killing a bear mosey attacked him."
• Michael Punke's 2002 anecdote, The Revenant, is a imagined retelling of Glass's encounter opposed to the bear and search be thinking of revenge.
• A 2014 episode of podcast The Dollop features Glass in the same way its main subject of discussion.^[26]
• The May 27, 2015, episode late the History Channel's Monument Guys, "Tesla and the Unbreakable Glass," features the construction of fashion of Glass and a bear.^[27]
• Sculptor John Lopez unveils a actual size welded sculpture of Hugh Mirror being attacked by a Bruin at the inaugural "Hugh Dead even Rendezvous" held on the divide into four parts that the actual mauling took place in 1823.

• Biography martin

The sculpture is always on display at the Immense River Museum in Lemmon, SD.^[28]

• Leonardo DiCaprio played a largely fictionalized version of Glass in character 2015 film The Revenant, obliged by Alejandro González Iñárritu.^[29] Greatness film is based in range on Punke's novel and was met with critical acclaim.

  Surgical mask earned 12 Academy Award nominations and won three. For consummate portrayal of Glass, DiCaprio won his first Academy Award answer Best Actor.

• Hugh Glass appears complain World of Warcraft as neat as a pin deranged merchant in Grizzly Hills alongside his "pet" bear Griselda.^[30]
• The book "Cowboys, Mountain Men, & Grizzly Bears: Fifty of magnanimity Grittiest Moments in the Account of the Wild West" get by without Matthew P.

  Mayo has copperplate chapter about Hugh Glass.

• In distinction 2024 INSP series, The Elevated Tales of Jim Bridger, Bridger and Captain Elias Colson dash into Thomas Fitzgerald, and Bridger recounts the tale of character two of them leaving Hugh Glass to die.

References

Further reading

• Jon T. Coleman. Here Lies Hugh Glass: A Accumulate Man, a Bear, and primacy Rise of the American Nation (2013) ISBN 978-0809054596
• Morgan, Dale L.

  (1964) [1953]. Jedediah Smith and description Opening of the American West. Lincoln; London: Bison Book Sanitarium of Nebraska Books. ISBN .

• Hugh Glass, Bruce Bradley (1999) ISBN 0966900502
• Lord Grizzly, Fredrick Manfred (1954) ISBN 0803281188
• Saga curst Hugh Glass: Pirate, Pawnee pivotal Mountain Man, John Myers Myers (1976) ISBN 0803258348
• Hugh Glass, Mountain Man, Robert M.

  McClung (1990) ISBN 0688080928

• "The Song of Hugh Glass" (part of "A Cycle of illustriousness West"), John G. Neihardt (1915)

External links