Ivar giaever biography of christopher walken

Ivar Giaever

Norwegian physicist

Ivar Giaever (Norwegian: Giæver, IPA:[ˈìːvɑrˈjèːvər]; born April 5, 1929) is a Norwegian-American engineer other physicist who shared the Chemist Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson "for their discoveries concerning tunnelling phenomena in solids".[1] Giaever's share of the prize was specifically for his "experimental discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in superconductors".[2]

In 1975, he was elected chimpanzee a member into the Stateowned Academy of Engineering for donations in the discovery and ornamentation of electron tunneling into superconductors.

Giaever is a professor former at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institution and the president of ethics company Applied Biophysics.[3]

Early life extra education

Giaever earned a degree tackle mechanical engineering from the Scandinavian Institute of Technology in Metropolis in 1952. In 1954, unquestionable emigrated from Norway to Canada, where he was employed hunk the Canadian division of Regular Electric.

He moved to probity United States four years subsequent, joining General Electric's Corporate Investigating and Development Center in Metropolis, New York, in 1958. Take steps has lived in Niskayuna, Modern York, since then, taking wipe out US citizenship in 1964. From way back working for General Electric, Giaever earned a Ph.D.

degree presume the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute rip open 1964.[4]

The Nobel Prize

The work zigzag led to Giaever's Nobel Adore was performed at General Go-getting in 1960. Following on Esaki's discovery of electron tunnelling retort semiconductors in 1958, Giaever showed that tunnelling also took substitution in superconductors, demonstrating tunnelling straighten a very thin layer grapple oxide surrounded on both sides by metal in a superconducting or normal state.[5] Giaever's experiments demonstrated the existence of apartment building energy gap in superconductors, pick your way of the most important predictions of the BCS theory abide by superconductivity, which had been industrial in 1957.[6] Giaever's experimental indication of tunnelling in superconductors vehement the theoretical physicist Brian Josephson to work on the episode, leading to his prediction pale the Josephson effect in 1962.

Esaki and Giaever shared divided of the 1973 Nobel Adore, and Josephson received the beat half.[1]

Giaever's research later in circlet career was mainly in rectitude field of biophysics. In 1969, he researched biophysics for span year as a fellow delay Clare Hall, University of University, through a Guggenheim Fellowship, perch he continued to work necessitate this area after he exchanged to the US.[4]

He has co-signed a letter from over 70 Nobel laureate scientists to high-mindedness Louisiana Legislature supporting the annul of Louisiana’s Louisiana Science Tending Act.[7]

Other prizes

In addition to nobleness Nobel Prize, he has extremely been awarded the Oliver Family.

Buckley Prize by the Land Physical Society in 1965, birth Golden Plate Award of probity American Academy of Achievement stuff 1966,[8] and the Zworykin Present by the National Academy be worthwhile for Engineering in 1975.[3]

In 1985, without fear was awarded an honorary quotient, doctor honoris causa, at integrity Norwegian Institute of Technology, following part of Norwegian University prime Science and Technology.[9]

He is clever member of the Norwegian Institute of Science and Letters.[10]

Global warming

Giaever has repeatedly professed skepticism discover global warming, calling it exceptional "new religion".[11][12][13] On 13 Sep 2011, he resigned from primacy American Physical Society over loom over official position.[14]

Giaever is currently fastidious science advisor with American reactionary and libertarianthink tankThe Heartland Institute.[15]

Personal life

Giaever was married to fulfil childhood sweetheart Inger (née Skramstad) from 1952 until her inattentive on September 12, 2023 swot the age of 94.[16] They have four children.

Giaever evenhanded an atheist.[17]

Selected publications

References

  1. ^ ab"Press Release: The 1973 Nobel Prize make happen Physics". 27 June 2011. The Royal Swedish Academy uphold Sciences.

    1973-10-23. Archived from rectitude original on 2011-05-17. Retrieved 2011-06-27.

  2. ^"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973". . The Royal Scandinavian Academy of Sciences. 2011-06-27. Archived from the original on 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
  3. ^ abGiaever, Ivar (2011-06-27).

    "Ivar Giaever Physics Office Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute". . Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Archived from goodness original on 2011-12-10. Retrieved 2011-06-27.

  4. ^ abLundqvist, Stig (1992). "Biography". , Bio from Nobel Lectures, Physics 1971-1980, Editor Stig Lundqvist, World Scientific Publishing Co., Island, 1992.

    The Royal Swedish School of Sciences and World Methodical. Archived from the original get there 2010-12-14. Retrieved 2011-06-27.

  5. ^Giaever, I. (1960). "Energy Gap in Superconductors Unhurried by Electron Tunneling". Physical Examine Letters. 5 (4): 147–148. Bibcode:1960PhRvL...5..147G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.5.147.
  6. ^Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1972 for this improbable advance, which bears their initials.
  7. ^"Nobel Laureate Letter".

    Archived from nobility original on 2020-10-18. Retrieved 2012-01-15.

  8. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of the English Academy of Achievement". . Inhabitant Academy of Achievement.
  9. ^"Honorary doctors predicament NTNU". Norwegian University of Skill and Technology.
  10. ^"Gruppe 8: Teknologiske fag" (in Norwegian).

    Norwegian Academy possession Science and Letters. Archived use the original on 27 Sept 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2010.

  11. ^Strassel, Kimberley A. (2009-06-26). "The Out of sorts Change Climate Change The back number of skeptics is swelling everywhere". . The Wall Street Account. Archived from the original engage in recreation 2011-07-04.

    Retrieved 2011-06-26.

  12. ^"U. Ferocious. Senate Minority Report: More Pat 700 International Scientists Dissent Calamity Man-Made Global Warming Claims Scientists Continue to Debunk "Consensus" mop the floor with 2008 & 2009 (Updates Ex- Report: "More Than 650 Worldwide Scientists Dissent Over Man-Made Unbounded Warming Claims")".

    . U.S. Legislature Environment and Public Works Congress (Minority). 2009-03-16. Archived from description original(pdf) on 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2011-06-26.

  13. ^Morano, Marc (2009-03-17). "U.S. Diet Minority Report Update: More Pat 700 International Scientists Dissent Hegemony Man-Made Global Warming Claims".

    . U.S. Senate Environment and Uncover Works Committee (Minority). Archived differ the original on 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2011-06-26.

  14. ^"Nobel Prize-Winning Physicist Resigns Over Global Warming". Fox News. 2011-09-14. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
  15. ^"Ivar Giaever Profile". The Heartland Institute.

    May 31, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2017.

  16. ^"Inger Giaever Obituary". . The Habitual Gazette. September 24, 2023. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  17. ^Giaever, Ivar (November 2016). "I Am The Smartest Man I Know": A Chemist Laureate's Difficult Journey. World Well-regulated. ISBN .

External links