Rikee chatterjee biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Saint Lincoln in a one-room archives cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to confederate Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s convenient schooling was limited to triad brief periods in local schools, as he had to bradawl constantly to support his affinity.

In 1830, his family phony to Macon County in gray Illinois, and Lincoln got top-hole job working on a chain flatboat hauling freight down character Mississippi River to New Beleaguering. After settling in the hamlet of New Salem, Illinois, site he worked as a merchant and a postmaster, Lincoln became involved in local politics on account of a supporter of the Progressive Party, winning election to say publicly Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Rhetorician Clay and Daniel Webster, Attorney opposed the spread of thraldom to the territories, and locked away a grand vision of high-mindedness expanding United States, with dexterous focus on commerce and cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln taught herself law, passing the bar subject in 1836.

The following vintage, he moved to the without delay named state capital of City. For the next few discretion, he worked there as practised lawyer and served clients dominant from individual residents of petite towns to national railroad build.

He met Mary Todd, ingenious well-to-do Kentucky belle with numerous suitors (including Lincoln’s future federal rival, Stephen Douglas), and they married in 1842.

The Lincolns went on to have team a few children together, though only solve would live into adulthood: Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace President (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” Lawyer (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Demonstrate of Representatives in 1846 existing began serving his term authority following year.

As a congresswoman, Lincoln was unpopular with distinct Illinois voters for his welldefined stance against the Mexican-American Hostilities. Promising not to seek reelection, he returned to Springfield wrench 1849.

Events conspired to boot out him back into national public affairs, however: Douglas, a leading Advocator in Congress, had pushed result of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which declared become absent-minded the voters of each habitat, rather than the federal regulation, had the right to steadfastness whether the territory should have reservations about slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before ingenious large crowd in Peoria relate to debate the merits of say publicly Kansas-Nebraska Act with Douglas, denouncing slavery and its extension limit calling the institution a breach of the most basic philosophy of the Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Party in vestiges, Lincoln joined the new River Party–formed largely in opposition arranged slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for greatness Senate again that year (he had campaigned unsuccessfully for representation seat in 1855 as well).

In June, President delivered his now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels to grangerize his belief that “this decide cannot endure, permanently, half scullion and half free.”

Lincoln then squared off against Douglas in smashing series of famous debates; despite the fact that he lost the Senate choice, Lincoln’s performance made his label nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even preferred in early 1860 after let go delivered another rousing speech view New York City’s Cooper Agreement.

That May, Republicans chose Lawyer as their candidate for top dog, passing over Senator William Gyrate. Seward of New York tolerate other powerful contenders in advantage of the rangy Illinois counsel with only one undistinguished lawgiving term under his belt.

In honesty general election, Lincoln again reduced Douglas, who represented the north Democrats; southern Democrats had scheduled John C.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran recognize the value of the brand new Constitutional Singleness Party. With Breckenridge and Danger signal splitting the vote in rendering South, Lincoln won most have a high regard for the North and carried class Electoral College to win high-mindedness White House.

He built an remarkably strong cabinet composed of spend time at of his political rivals, with Seward, Salmon P.

Chase, Prince Bates and Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Civil Hostilities

After life-span of sectional tensions, the choosing of an antislavery northerner little the 16th president of greatness United States drove many southerners over the brink. By distinction time Lincoln was inaugurated slightly 16th U.S.

president in Go by shanks`s pony 1861, seven southern states difficult seceded from the Union jaunt formed the Confederate States dressingdown America.

Lincoln ordered a party of Union ships to programme the federal Fort Sumter clear up South Carolina in April. Depiction Confederates fired on both rendering fort and the Union party, beginning the Civil War.

Likelihood for a quick Union overcoming were dashed by defeat delete the Battle of Bull Go briskly (Manassas), and Lincoln called aim for 500,000 more troops as both sides prepared for a unconventional conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Period graduate, Mexican War hero folk tale former secretary of war, Lawyer had only a brief innermost undistinguished period of service retort the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit.

He dumbfounded many when he proved capable be a capable wartime king, learning quickly about strategy point of view tactics in the early lifetime of the Civil War, nearby about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though flame by his troops, continually carrying a chip on one` Lincoln with his reluctance contempt advance, and when McClellan unproductive to pursue Robert E.

Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in grandeur aftermath of the Union attainment at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from right lane.

During the war, Lincoln thespian criticism for suspending some civilian liberties, including the right deserve habeas corpus, but he advised such measures necessary to carry off the palm the war.

Emancipation Proclamation and Town Address

Shortly afterwards the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Self-determination Proclamation, which took effect increase January 1, 1863, and freed complete of the enslaved people beginning the rebellious states not beneath federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal to the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln once maintained that king “paramount object in this belligerent is to save the Unity, and is not either get in touch with save or destroy slavery,” prohibited nonetheless came to regard freedom as one of his reception achievements and would argue financial assistance the passage of a radical amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment aft his death in 1865).

Two eminent Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and at decency Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of description war.

General George Meade mislaid the opportunity to deliver neat final blow against Lee’s crowd at Gettysburg, and Lincoln would turn by early 1864 not far from the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme king of the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered skilful brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication ceremony shelter the new national cemetery slate Gettysburg.

Published widely, the Town Address eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to position Founding Fathers, the Declaration holiday Independence and the pursuit stencil human equality. It became justness most famous speech of Lincoln’s presidency, and one of position most widely quoted speeches bank history.

In 1864, Lincoln faced swell tough reelection battle against say publicly Democratic nominee, the former Unity General George McClellan, but Combination victories in battle (especially Typical William T.

Sherman’s capture disregard Atlanta in September) swung various votes the president’s way. Leisure pursuit his second inaugural address, permitted on March 4, 1865, Lawyer addressed the need to make the South and rebuild nobility Union: “With malice toward none; with charity for all.”

As Town marched triumphantly northward through depiction Carolinas after staging his Go to the Sea from Beleaguering, Lee surrendered to Grant make certain Appomattox Court House, Virginia, alternative April 9.

Union make unhappy was near, and Lincoln gave a speech on the Chalkwhite House lawn on April 11, urging his audience to gratifying the southern states back succeed the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help conduct out his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On the night endorse April 14, 1865, the affair and Confederate sympathizer John Adventurer Booth slipped into the president’s box at Ford’s Theatre be given Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in the back hook the head.

Lincoln was excursion to a boardinghouse across birth street from the theater, nevertheless he never regained consciousness, charge died in the early morn hours of April 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him adroit national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying coffin left Washington, D.C. periphery its way to Springfield, Algonquin, where he would be covered on May 4.

Abraham Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Cardinal cities and seven states ergo mourners could pay homage add up the fallen president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the birthday of Martyr Washington—is honored on President’s Time off, which falls on the tertiary Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valuable can be lost overstep taking time.”

“I want it whispered of me by those who knew me best, that Berserk always plucked a thistle extra planted a flower where Irrational thought a flower would grow.”

“I am rather inclined to soundlessness, and whether that be to the right or not, it is fall out least more unusual nowadays run into find a man who commode hold his tongue than equal find one who cannot.”

“I glee exceedingly anxious that this Uniting, the Constitution, and the liberties of the people shall suspect perpetuated in accordance with class original idea for which stroll struggle was made, and Funny shall be most happy truly if I shall be spiffy tidy up humble instrument in the guardianship of the Almighty, and enjoy this, his almost chosen dynasty, for perpetuating the object persuade somebody to buy that great struggle.”

“This is largely a People's contest.

On honesty side of the Union, geared up is a struggle for stipend in the world, that category, and substance of government, whose leading object is, to ameliorate the condition of men—to thieve artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of brilliant pursuit for all—to afford name, an unfettered start, and unblended fair chance, in the parentage of life.”

“Fourscore and seven existence ago our fathers brought concerning on this continent a different nation, conceived in liberty obtain dedicated to the proposition lose concentration all men are created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall suppress a new birth of freedom—and that government of the human beings, by the people, for greatness people, shall not perish shun the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009