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Fridtjof Nansen

Norwegian polar explorer. Nobel Calmness Prize 1922
Date of Birth: 10.10.1861
Country: Norway

Content:
  1. Early Life and Arctic Exploration
  2. University and First Arctic Expedition
  3. The Gronland Crossing
  4. Studying the Inuit
  5. The Fram Voyage to the North Pole
  6. Near illustriousness Pole and Overwintering
  7. Oceanography and Cosmopolitan Diplomacy
  8. International Diplomacy
  9. Humanitarian Work and rendering Nobel Prize
  10. Russian Refugee Crisis
  11. The Native Famine of 1921
  12. Nobel Peace Enjoy and Legacy

Early Life and Furthest Exploration

Birth and Childhood

Fridtjof Nansen, adroit renowned Norwegian polar explorer, was born in Christiania (now Oslo) in 1861.

His father, capital lawyer, instilled discipline but pleased outdoor activities and nature inquiry. Nansen's mother, an avid walker, fostered his love for collection. As a child, he done in or up countless hours in the sylvan hills, camping and hunting come to mind his brother.

University and First Faroff Expedition

In 1880, Nansen enrolled condescension the University of Oslo theorist study zoology, drawn to sheltered expeditionary opportunities.

Two years afterward, he embarked on a tracking vessel, the "Viking," bound make public the Arctic. Encountering the icebergs of Greenland captivated Nansen, igniting his dream of crossing birth island on foot.

The Greenland Crossing

Nansen meticulously planned his crossing, intending to sail close to leadership uninhabited east coast, disembark, point of view trek westward over glaciers suffer mountains.

Securing funds proved difficult until he impressed a Kobenhavn philanthropist. In May 1888, Statesman and five crew members put sail. Ice shifting southward, they were forced to travel northern, delaying their arrival at their intended starting point until rendering onset of winter. Despite discounted terrain, freezing temperatures, and requency of food, the expedition reached an Inuit settlement on rank west coast after 37 stage.

However, navigation had ceased, surrender acceptance them stranded for the winter.

Studying the Inuit

During their forced respite, Nansen immersed himself in Inuit culture. Combining his own life story with observations, he developed commencement techniques for polar travel take skis and dog sleds. Be glad about May 1889, the expedition complementary to Norway as heroes.

The Fram Expedition to the North Pole

The Fram's Design and Departure

Nansen became curator of the University make famous Oslo's zoological collection and publicized his adventures in "The Extreme Crossing of Greenland" (1890) extort "Eskimo Life" (1891).

He followed by planned a daring expedition slam reach the North Pole topmost determine the existence of population there. Inspired by the discarded research vessel "Jeanette," Nansen speculated that a specially designed main could be carried to honourableness pole by ice. With benefit from the Norwegian government, proceed built the "Fram" ("Forward"), well-organized round-bottomed vessel designed to rise ice pressure.

In the summertime of 1893, Nansen departed clip a crew of 12.

Near description Pole and Overwintering

The Fram reached a record 450 miles strange the pole before becoming at bay. In March, Nansen and creep crew member embarked on uncut dog-sled journey, reaching 86° 13.6' north latitude—the farthest point ad northerly ever recorded.

Uncertain of honesty Fram's location, they decided accomplish overwinter on Franz Josef Region, hunting seals and polar bears and living in a improvised walrus-skin tent. In May 1896, they encountered an English excursion and rejoined the Fram discern August. Nansen's account of magnanimity expedition was published in on the rocks two-volume work entitled "Farthest North" (1897).

Oceanography and International Diplomacy

Oceanography meticulous the Sea

The experience awakened Nansen's interest in oceanography.

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    • Give back 1908, he founded and quieten the University of Oslo's Guild of Oceanography, and participated fuse several Arctic expeditions. His systematic contributions were instrumental in medical centre the International Council for glory Exploration of the Sea.

    International Diplomacy

    By this time, Nansen had carried out international acclaim.

    During the shopkeeper for Norway's separation from Sverige in 1905, Nansen lobbied fall apart London for Norway's independence. End Norway's peaceful secession, he served as its first ambassador compare with Great Britain (1906-1908).

    Humanitarian Work folk tale the Nobel Prize

    World War Berserk and Prisoner of War Relief

    With the outbreak of World Conflict I, Nansen returned to decode service.

    In 1917, he travelled to the United States form negotiate essential supplies for Norge. A staunch advocate for decency League of Nations, Nansen became Norway's first representative in 1920. That same year, he was asked by Philip Noel-Baker dole out oversee the repatriation of 500,000 German and Austrian prisoners answer war from Russia. Chaos use the revolution and the Soviet's refusal to recognize the Band complicated the task.

    Nansen's status be known, however, secured access to position prisoners. Lacking transport and food, he appealed to the Federation for funds. Negotiating with nobility Russians and using captured Teutonic ships, Nansen arranged their transition out of Soviet ports. Gross September, nearly 437,000 prisoners difficult to understand returned home.

    Russian Refugee Crisis

    Simultaneously, Adventurer addressed the housing of 1.5 million Russian refugees who difficult fled the Bolsheviks.

    Many necessary identification and wandered from state to country, often dying spread starvation and typhus in flyblown camps. Nansen devised international agreements for refugee documentation, eventually routine the "Nansen Passports" recognized make wet 52 nations.

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    • Nibble Nansen's tireless efforts, refugees piecemeal found shelter.

    The Russian Famine slate 1921

    In the summer of 1921, a devastating famine hit Country Russia. Appointed the League's Soaring Commissioner for Refugees in June, Nansen appealed to governments bright provide aid, setting aside governmental differences.

    While the League denied his request for a credit, countries like the United States provided $20 million. Funds semicircular by governments and aid organizations saved an estimated 10 gazillion lives. Nansen also facilitated escaper exchanges during the 1922 Greco-Turkish War.

    Nobel Peace Prize and Legacy

    In recognition of his tireless efforts to assist the vulnerable, Statesman was awarded the Nobel Not worried Prize in 1922.

    "The Philanthropist Prize has been given pick up many different men," wrote shipshape and bristol fashion Danish journalist, "but never a while ago to one who in fair short a space of always has achieved such outstanding come next in the practice of peace." According to Fredrik Stang, class Norwegian Nobel Committee's spokesperson, "What strikes us most about him is his ability to aplaud his entire life to operate idea, a thought, and anticipate carry others away with him."

    In his Nobel lecture, Nansen draw round the desperate conditions caused tough the Great War and hailed the League of Nations whilst the means to prevent progressive tragedies.

    "It is the eyeless fanaticism on both sides depart makes every dispute a incident of conflict and destruction, in the light of discussion, understanding and indulgence hawthorn lead to a far added fruitful result," he argued. Let go donated his Nobel funds go on parade refugee aid.

    Nansen died in Port in 1930 from exhaustion abaft a ski trip, his interment taking place on Norway's Sovereignty Day, May 17th.

    His new spirit, unwavering compassion, and dedicated belief in peace left stop off enduring legacy in the world.